An essential activity in managing an emergency is planning, preparation, and training for it. The harmful consequences can be diminished if accurate safety metrics are incorporated before. This leads to the simulation of an emergency event which is required to devise a roadmap, evaluate the effectiveness of numerous possible scenarios and thereby mitigate the damages significantly. An agent-bas...

Travel decisions may be very stable in a familiar environment. Major network disruptions such as the I-35W bridge collapse disrupt habitual behavior. Such “natural” experiments provide unique opportunities for behavioral studies, but the time window for such studies is limited. A well-developed methodology is crucial for both data collection and analysis, and thus the soundness of behavioral mo...

Self-consistent modeling of the evolution of the plasma current during disruptions in large tokamaks is presented, taking into account both the generation of runaway electrons and their backreaction on the electric field. It is found that the current profile changes dramatically, so that the postdisruption current carried by runaway electrons is much more peaked than the thermal predisruption c...

Firms use inventory and interruption insurance to manage disruption risk in their production chains. They also take preparedness actions to reduce the expected length of disruptions. We analytically explore these three measures in a two-stage production chain. We find that inventory and preparedness differ in their responses to insurance and to production-chain cost and risk characteristics. We...

This paper studies the disruption management problem of rapid transit rail networks. Besides optimizing the timetable and the rolling stock schedules, we explicitly deal with the effects of the disruption on the passenger demand. We propose a two-step approach that combines an integrated optimization model (for the timetable and rolling stock) with a model for the passengers' behavior. We repor...

Accidents and trauma are one of the world's most serious but neglected health problems. The fast moving transportation systems, unprecedented and unplanned urbanization and changing social patterns have contributed to the global increase in the incidence of trauma. Traffic accidents are an endemic disease which affects mainly the young adults in the economically productive age groups and are th...

This paper develops an empirical macroeconomic framework to analyze the relationship between major political disruptions and business cycles of a country. We combine a new dataset of political revolutions (mass domestic political campaigns to remove dictators and juntas) across the world since 1960, with coup data and traditional macro data (of output, investment, trade, inflation and exchange ...

Radiated power measurements taken during the thermal quench of a density limit disruption in the DIII-D tokamak @J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 ~2002!# demonstrate that ten times more power is radiated from the main chamber than is deposited into the divertor floor. This contrasts with the standard picture of the thermal quench of disruptions, where energy is lost along open field lines into...

Understanding the phenomenon of propagation of disruptions regarding security is a critical factor for designing of robust export supply chains. From a system dynamics approach, this research analyses the effects of the materialization and simultaneous propagation of disruptions of security at various points in export supply chains (ESC). The model allows understanding why the production sites ...

This study investigates impacts of the 2001 World Trade Center attack on critical infrastructure systems in the New York City metropolitan area. Of particular interest are the physical or logical connections—also known as interdependencies—among these systems, and the impacts of the attack on them. This study extends knowledge about the behavior of complex and interdependent infrastructures sys...