We report a case of a 58-year-old male patient who underwent successful endovenous radiofrequency ablation of the left great saphenous vein for CEAP class 4a venous disease. On the third postoperative day, he had a duplex ultrasound scan for evaluation which showed successful occlusion of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class 2 endovenous heat-induced thrombus (EHIT) that disappeared during...

A child with a post-tramatic pancreatic pseuodocyst developed pancreatic fistula, following percutaneous drainage of the cyst. The fistula output was about 120ml/day and lasted for a month. A diagnostic ERCP revealed main pancreatic duct disruption. The fistula output ceased over the next two days following the ERCP. The patient has been well for the past four years. This patient's immediate re...

This case report describes events that occurred under general anaesthesia of a dog undergoing transvenous pacemaker implantation for third-degree atrioventricular block. Following premedication with acepromazine and buprenorphine, was induced alfaxalone, maintained isoflurane in oxygen. The developed severe hypotension during the procedure concurrent bradycardia before commencement pacing. In o...

Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors and generally they are asymptomatic. This paper describes three cases of compound odontomas diagnosed in children due to dislodgement or over-retention of primary anterior teeth and/or swelling of the cortical bone. In all cases, the surgical excision of the lesions was performed and, in one case, orthodontic treatment was adopted in orde...

Access to emergency contraception (EC) has little restriction in South Africa. EC is a contraceptive method that can be used by women up to 7 days after unprotected intercourse. It can be used in the following situations: when no contraceptive has been used; for condom accidents; after intrauterine contraceptive device expulsion; when a contraceptive method has been incorrectly used, or contrac...

The perioperative management of patients suffering from extensive superior vena cava (SVC) thrombus complicated by SVC syndrome presents unique challenges. The anesthesiologist needs to be prepared for possible thrombus dislodgement resulting in pulmonary embolism and also has to assess the need for fluid resuscitation given the dangers of massive intravenous fluid application via the upper ext...

A foreign body (FB) in the upper aerodigestive tract is a common clinical problem that presents as as acute emergency. Sharp FB, such as fish bone or chicken bone, commonly lodges in the tonsil, base of tongue, vallecula or pyriform fossa. Dislodgement of a FB into the laryngopharynx is very rare and specifically onto the vocal cord is extremely uncommon. This case report illustrates a rare cas...

The ‘twiddler syndrome’ is a rare condition (incidence reported below 0.1%), which occurs when a patient, either consciously or unconsciously, rotates or “twiddles” the implanted pacemaker or ICD in its pocket, resulting in torsion, dislodgement, and often fracture of the pacing lead [1]. The diagnosis is confirmed by a chest radiograph which reveals a twisted, entangled, and dislodged pacing l...

Transvenous cardiac pacemakers definitely improve quality of life and reduce mortality in at-risk patients, but they are associated with several potential device-related complications. Approximately 10% of patients experience complications related to transvenous implantation of the pacemaker. These may be attributable to either the pulse generator (hematoma, skin breakdown, pocket infection) or...

Diel changes in the numbers and activity of mayfly (Ephemeroptera) nymphs on the substrate surface in a stony-bottom stream were determined by direct observations, to investigate the relationship between benthic activity and drift. Individuals were viewed through a glass box (0.1 m2 area) at 2-h intervals for 24 h; dim red light was used during darkness. Baetis was relatively unaffected by the ...