Abstract We study the problem of aggregating discounted utility preferences into a social preference model. use an axiom capturing responsibility individuals’ attitudes to time, called consensus Pareto. show that this can provide consistent foundations for welfare judgments. Moreover, in conjunction with standard axioms anonymity and continuity, Pareto help adjudicate some fundamental issues re...

This paper examines a sustainable supplier’s price discount strategy in competitive environment as it considers building two-level supply chain system consisting of two suppliers and single retailer under the condition uncertain demand, investigates impact suppliers’ on retailer’s expected profits. We find that profit increases increases. When only supplier offers discount, purchasing cost will...

“Hard discounters”are retail formats that set food prices even lower than ex- isting discount formats, such as Walmart and Target. O¤ering limited assortments and focusing on store-brands, these promise to change the competitive landscape of food retailing. In this paper, we study e¤ect of entry one hard-discount format on markups earned by existing stores, focusing several important grocer...

A recent survey by Brookshire, et. al., (2006) suggests that forensic economists are mixed in their use of current versus historical data to estimate future net discount rates.1 Typically the choice is between a long-term average or simply the current prevailing rate.2 Cushing and Rosenbaum (2006) proposed an estimator that optimally uses the information in the past behavior of net discount rat...

We present an empirical analysis of the effect that the gain and discount functions have in the correlation between DCG and user satisfaction. Through a large user study we estimate the relationship between satisfaction and the effectiveness computed with a test collection. In particular, we estimate the probabilities that users find a system satisfactory given a DCG score, and that they agree ...

In a dataset of weekly observations over the period since 1990, the discount on UK closed-end mutual funds is shown to be nonstationary, but reverting to a nonzero long run mean. Although the long run discount could be explained by factors like management expenses etc., its short run ‡uctuations are harder to reconcile with an arbitrage-free equilibrium. In time series terms, there is evidence ...