OBJECTIVE To identify components of a proposed blood-borne virus (BBV) population screening programme and its associated consent procedure that both the public and health practitioners (HPs) would find acceptable. The proposed BBV screening system would aim to reduce late diagnosis of BBVs and be used in patients undergoing routine blood tests, aided by risk stratification software to target in...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that automation errors on tasks easily performed by humans undermine trust in automation. BACKGROUND Research has revealed that the reliability of imperfect automation is frequently misperceived. We examined the manner in which the easiness and type of imperfect automation errors affect trust and dependence. METHOD Participants performed a target detection...

We study the problem of predicting the labelling of a graph. The graph is given and a trial sequence of (vertex,label) pairs is then incrementally revealed to the learner. On each trial a vertex is queried and the learner predicts a boolean label. The true label is then returned. The learner’s goal is to minimise mistaken predictions. We propose minimum p-seminorm interpolation to solve this pr...

Recent studies indicate that the human brain attends to and uses grammatical gender cues during sentence comprehension. Here, we examine the nature and time course of the effect of gender on word-by-word sentence reading. Event-related brain potentials were recorded to an article and noun, while native Spanish speakers read medium- to high-constraint Spanish sentences for comprehension. The nou...

Word sense annotation is a challenging task where annotators distinguish which meaning of a word is present in a given context. In some contexts, a word usage may elicit multiple interpretations, resulting either in annotators disagreeing or in allowing the usage to be annotated with multiple senses. While some works have allowed the latter, the extent to which multiple sense annotations are ne...

We study the l0-Low Rank Approximation Problem, where the goal is, given anm×nmatrix A, to output a rank-k matrix A for which ‖A′ −A‖0 is minimized. Here, for a matrix B, ‖B‖0 denotes the number of its non-zero entries. This NP-hard variant of low rank approximation is natural for problems with no underlying metric, and its goal is to minimize the number of disagreeing data positions. We provid...

The outlook for Sahel precipitation in coupled simulations of the 21 century is very uncertain, with different models disagreeing even on the sign of the trends. Such disagreement is especially surprising in light of the robust response of the same coupled models to the 20 century forcings. We present a statistical analysis of the pre-industrial, 20 century and 21 century A1B scenario simulatio...

Abstract We examine Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) critique of the need for Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs) its rebuttal by Formosa Ryan 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) set against a neo-Aristotelian ethical background. Neither essay nor Ryan’s is explicitly framed within teachings specific school. The former appeals to lack “both empirical intuitive support” (Van 2019, p. ...

Systems development endeavors usually occur in highly complex, politicized environments in which diverging interests of stakeholders result in a variety of conflicts. Therefore, conflict management has been an important focus of research in information requirements determination (IRD). However, research has failed to recognize that organizational politics and pressures on the participants might...

I enjoyed this paper, though disagreeing with its theory. For years I have tried to understand the Bayesian linear methodology; intrinsically some of the ideas seem so sensible. Ultimately, however, I have failed because for me judgements of uncertainty seem more primitive than judgements of prevision. The approach stemming from Savage (1972), DeGroot (1970) and others seems more natural to me ...