Ethanolic extracts of samples temperate zone propolis, four from the UK and one Poland, were tested against three Trypanosoma brucei strains displayed EC50 values < 20 µg/mL. The fractionated, which 12 compounds two-component mixture isolated, characterized by NMR high-resolution mass spectrometry, as 3-acetoxypinobanksin, tectochrysin, kaempferol, pinocembrin, 4?-methoxykaempferol, galangin...

Using high-level quantum mechanical calculations and various models to account for solvation effects, monomers and dimers of fluoromethyllithium and chloromethyllithium carbenoids are studied in the gas phase and in dimethyl ether solvent. A combination of explicit microsolvation and a continuum reaction field is required to account fully for the structural and energetic effects of solvation. O...