This article reports findings from an international study about dilemmas of difference in relation to special educational needs and disability in education. It was part of a larger study of the perspectives of 132 education practitioners and policy makers in England, the USA and the Netherlands to a range of dilemmas of difference. It also compares these current perspectives with ones from simi...

models are successfully constructed and meaning emerges from the manipulation of symbols. It is moving when I observe that same excitement in students’ faces. Thus, my greatest dilemma is between my attraction to economic theory, on the one hand, and my doubts about its relevance, on the other. In this lecture I will try to decompose this basic dilemma into four parts: The dilemma of absurd con...

Previous research on college students has found that cooperation in iterated prisoner's dilemma game is correlated with preference for delayed rewards in studies of temporal discounting. The present study attempted to replicate this finding in a drug-dependent population. Thirty-one individuals who intranasally abuse prescription opioids participated in temporal discounting and iterated prisone...

Getting workers to share knowledge in situations where “knowledge” is the primary asset making them valuable is a pressing problem in many organizations – leading to what we call “the knowledge worker’s prisoner’s dilemma.” Interesting variants of this dilemma arise in the contexts of customer support and server system administration. We begin by describing some of the reasons why the uncoopera...

We use a game theoretical framework to analyze the intraday behavior of banks with respect to settlement of interbank claims in a real-time gross settlement setting. The game played by banks depends upon the intraday credit policy of the central bank and it encompasses two well-known game theoretical paradigms: the prisoner’s dilemma and the stag hunt. The former arises in a collateralized cred...

The Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) exhibits a “tragedy” in this sense: if the players are fully informed and rational they are condemned to a jointly dispreferred outcome. In this essay I address the following question: What feature of the PD’s payoff structure is necessary and sufficient to produce the tragedy? In answering it I use the notion of a “trembling-hand equilibrium”. In the final section I...

This paper examines characteristics of cooperative behavior in a repeated, n-person, continuous action generalization of a Prisoner’s Dilemma game. When time preferences are heterogeneous and bounded away from one, how “much” cooperation can be achieved by an ongoing group? How does group cooperation vary with the group’s size and structure? For an arbitrary distribution of discount factors, we...

In this game two players act in the class of mixed strategies and the third player acts in the class of pure strategies. The suggested approach for building dynamics uses the principle of non-decrease of players’ payoffs, various behavior types for players and some special procedure of using Nash equilibria in auxiliary games. Cooperative variant of this procedure is proposed. As an example, th...

The belief-based approach for repeated games with private monitoring studies an important class of strategies where at each point of the game, each player’s optimal continuation strategy is determined by the player’s beliefs of the private state of the opponents. This paper extends the belief-based approach to the repeated prisoners’dilemma with asymmetric private monitoring. We …rst …nd that t...

We use experiments to study coordination in games with incomplete information and ask whether an informed player can use cheap talk strategically. Two players decide whether to enter a market where stage game payoffs either form a prisoner’s dilemma or a stag-hunt. One player knows which stage game is played while the other knows only the associated probabilities. When players engage in a priso...