Abstract The 180,000 km 2 of Arabian lava fields (“harrats” in Arabic) form one the largest distributed basaltic provinces world. most recent eruption 1256 AD, on outskirts Medina, as well shallow dike emplacement 2009, ~ 200 northeast city, suggest future volcanic threat to this area. Harrat Khaybar (~ 1.7 Ma present) is and compositionally diverse fields; it located 137 Medina covers 14,000 ....