Introduction: The striking equatorial ridge of Iapetus was discovered by the Cassini mission [1]. 18 km high, 100-200 km wide and 1600 km long, this ridge accurately encircles almost 1/3 of the satellite’s equator. Iapetus is also unusual in that its shape is out of equilibrium with its current slow rotation rate: Best fits to its second order harmonic shape indicate that its equatorial bulge i...

A summit and upper flank eruption occurred at Nyamulagira volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, from 2–27 January 2010. Eruptions at Nyamulagira during 1996–2010 occurred from eruptive fissures on the upper flanks or within the summit caldera and were distributed along the ~N155E rift zone, whereas the 2011–2012 eruption occurred ~12 km ENE of the summit. 3D numerical modeling of Interferometr...

A probabilistic framework is developed to calculate the cross-dike failure probability by overtopping waves on grass-covered dikes. The of dike profiles including transitions and damages can be computed find most likely location quantify decrease in when this strengthened. erosion depth along profile calculated using distributions for water level, wind speed cover strength. Failure defined as e...

Abstract Flow in streams and rivers typically erodes the banks, causing channel bank migration laterally, resulting loss of nearby land, modification morphology, excessive sediment transport, water quality degradation. A spur dike is a hydraulic structure placed at projecting outward to guide or divert flow away from bank, thus protecting it erosion. The stability riverbed banks influenced by t...

In May 2018, a major eruption occurred in the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano. The started with collapse Pu'u 'Ō'ō crater followed by large downrift dike intrusion for more than 20 km well instrumented region. This volcanic event is rare opportunity to infer dynamics magma transfer that often difficult capture. this study, we use seismological records migration dike. We detect, pick and...