To improve the interfacial stability at high temperatures, n-type skutterudite (SKD) thermoelectric joints with sandwich structures of Ti/Mo/Yb0.3Co4Sb12 were successfully designed and fabricated. In this structure, Mo and Ti were introduced as the barrier layer with the goal of suppressing the interfacial diffusion and the buffer layer with the goal of enhancing the bonding strength, respectiv...

We introduce a generalized diffusion equation that models the propagation of photons in highly scattering domains with thin nonscattering clear layers. Classical diffusion models break down in the presence of clear layers. The model that we propose accurately accounts for the clear-layer effects and has a computational cost comparable to that of classical diffusion. It is based on modeling the ...

Thirty three re-wetting tests were conducted at different combinations of temperatures (5.746.3C) and relative humidites (48.2-88.6%) with barley. Two most commonly used thinlayer drying and rewetting models i.e. Page and Diffusion were compared for their ability to the fit the experimental re-wetting data based on the standard error of estimate (SEE) of the measured and simulated moisture cont...

Molecular simulations of the diffusion of EMIM(+) and TFSI(-) ions in slit-shaped micropores under conditions similar to those during charging show that in pores that accommodate only a single layer of ions, ions diffuse increasingly faster as the pore becomes charged (with diffusion coefficients even reaching ∼5 × 10(-9) m(2)/s), unless the pore becomes very highly charged. In pores wide enoug...

In this work we investigated the diffusion and clustering of supersaturated substitutional carbon 200nm thick SiGeC layers buried under a silicon cap layer of 40nm. The samples were annealed in inert (N2) or oxidizing (O2) ambient at 850°C for times ranging from 2 to 10 hours. The silicon self-interstitial (I) flux coming from the surface under oxidation enhances the C diffusion with respect to...

Polymer dissolution was described by chain reptation incorporated into penetrant transport. The penetrant concentration field was divided into three regimes which delineate three different transport processes. Solvent penetration through the polymer was modeled to occur as a consequence of a diffusional flux and an osmotic pressure contribution. Species momentum balances were written that coupl...

The movement of the penetrant and polymer fronts and the drug dissolution in highly loaded swellable matrix tablets were studied with the aim of establishing relationships between front position and drug release kinetics. Three boundaries were identified corresponding to the swelling, diffusion and erosion fronts. The kinetics of drug release depended on the relative movement of the erosion and...

In this chapter, we discuss a method of metallic bonding between two deposited silver layers. A diffusion bonding method has been developed that enables layer transfer of single crystal lithium niobate thin films onto silicon substrates. A silver film was deposited onto both the silicon and lithium niobate surfaces prior to bonding, and upon heating, a diffusion bond was formed. Transmission el...

The response of an amperometric biosensor based on a chemically modified electrode was modelled numerically. A mathematical model of the biosensor is based on a system of non-linear reaction-diffusion equations. The modelling biosensor comprises two compartments: an enzyme layer and an outer diffusion layer. In order to define the main governing parameters the corresponding dimensionless mathem...

We present a far-field analysis of ion diffusion toward a channel embedded in a membrane with a fixed charge density. The Smoluchowski equation, which represents the 3D problem, is approximated by a system of coupled three- and two-dimensional diffusions. The 2D diffusion models the quasi-two-dimensional diffusion of ions in a boundary layer in which the electrical potential interaction with th...