Injection of botulinum toxin is currently the most common cosmetic procedure in the United States, and in recent years it has become-together with dermal fillers-the mainstay of therapy for the prevention and treatment of facial aging. However, in some cases the treatment may lead to a somewhat unnatural appearance, usually caused by loss of facial expression or other telltale signs. In the pre...

Pressure ulcers with undermined edges are generally hard to treat and may require surgical debridement and flap coverage. A woman with a 5-month history of a non-healing, undermined, sacro-coccygeal pressure ulcer presented for care at the author's wound care center. Because traditional wound care had failed and surgical debridement and repair was contraindicated due to her overall poor general...

The list of injectable skin fillers available for soft tissue augmentation is constantly growing, giving aesthetic surgeons more options in the treatment of scars, lines, and wrinkles. Each type of filler is distinct with regard to intended use, placement technique, duration in tissue, ease of use, and cost. Physicians who are well acquainted with the strengths and weaknesses of each class of f...

The aging midface has long been overlooked in cosmetic surgery. Our understanding of facial aging in terms of 3 dimensions has placed increased importance on volume restoration. Although an "off-label" indication for most fillers in this facial region, volumization of the midface with injectable fillers is usually a safe and straightforward procedure technically. Injectors, nevertheless, need t...

Hyaluronidases, a family of enzymes that are able to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA), are employed in medicine to increase drug diffusion and reverse the effects of HA filler injections. Hyaluronidases are able to dissolve subcutaneous nodules or to correct excessive quantities of injected filler. Knowledge of the use, methods of application, and adverse effects of hyaluronidases is essential for ...

india has large resources of natural fibres such as banana, khus, sisal, korai grass,talipot, palm leaf, coconut, pineapple, screwpine, golden grass, jute and sabaiamong others. in the past, trade of the village folk depended on harvesting fibresgrown in their villages. natural fibers have recently gaining attraction of researchersdue to their low cost eco-friendly and biodegradability characte...

Over the years, many materials have been used as fillers in rubber compounds. In this sense, filler is a diluent and is used primarily to lower volume cost. With use, all fillers modify certain physical properties of the compound in addition to lowering cost. Therefore, lower cost is generally achieved at the expense of other desirable properties and all compounds are compromises with various t...