BACKGROUND The Western Cape Forum for Intellectual Disability took the South African Government to court in 2010 on its failure to implement the right to education for Children with Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability. Subsequently, multidisciplinary teams were appointed by the Western Cape Education Department to deliver services to the Special Care Centres (SCCs). Initially, minimal i...

This commentary on Salem et al. provides background for their study by reviewing Washington v. Harper and outlining some areas that were not addressed by that decision. It contrasts Harper holdings with those in other U. S. Supreme Court decisions in parallel cases and in United States v. Loughner. It provides cautions about extensions of some holdings in Loughner regarding the use of Harper-ty...

This issue of Annals sheds light on patient and clinician decisions and their implications. Hendriksen and colleagues compare family physicians’ gestalt (estimated probability) of pulmonary embolism compared to the Wells decision rule among patients referred for testing. Gestalt performs surprisingly well. The Wells rule is more specific, and almost as sensitive as physicians’ gestalt, making i...

This paper presents a formal model designed to help us understand decisions. We aim to represent the way in which acts affect the world and how decisions create intentions to act. The model is modal in two ways (i) because we are representing the acts and their consequences and (ii) because we wish to represent multiple alternatives for decisions. The model distinguishes different classes of de...

the present study sustainable management of guilan saravan sylvan park was planned. the used method in the form of decision support model in three10-year period was studied for parks of various states and with considering the economic, ecological and social criteria during the years 2008 to 2038. by using hierarchical fuzzy analysis method, the reaching to an optimal level of economic, ecologic...