Description Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was identi!ed in 1933, isolated and extracted from liver in 1938, and !rst synthesized in 1940.1 R. J. Williams is credited with coining the name from the Greek word panthos, which translates as “from everywhere.” It was given this name because of its widespread presence in food.2 Most vitamin B5, and its deriva...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Restriction of dietary sodium intake for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is recommended, but there is limited information on the measurement and monitoring of sodium intake. We have developed a simple method to estimate daily sodium intake during the measurement of dialysis adequacy in PD patients. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 83 PD patients were enrolled in...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few population-based studies have examined the relationship between dietary intake of folate and risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines the association between dietary intake of folate and the subsequent risk of stroke and CVD. METHODS Study participants included 9764 US men and women aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the National Hea...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of dietary fiber intake on long-term mortality. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study recent and long-term dietary fiber intake in relation to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. DESIGN The effects of recent and long-term dietary fiber intakes on mortality were investigated in the Zutphen Study, a cohort of 1,373 men born between 1900 and 1920 ...

BACKGROUND Selenium is an important trace element for human health. Although numerous epidemiological and interventional studies have examined the association between selenium and diabetes, their findings have been inconclusive. Moreover, no research has specifically focused on the association between dietary selenium and diabetes in the Asian population. The objective of this study was to eval...

Background and Purpose—Few population-based studies have examined the relationship between dietary intake of folate and risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines the association between dietary intake of folate and the subsequent risk of stroke and CVD. Methods—Study participants included 9764 US men and women aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the National Healt...

Self-reported dietary assessment methods can be challenging to validate, and reporting errors for those with lower health literacy (HL) may be augmented. Interactive multimedia (IMM) based questionnaires could help overcome these limitations. The objectives of this investigation are to assess the comparative validity and sensitivity to change of an IMM beverage intake questionnaire (IMM-BEVQ) a...

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is believed to have adverse cardiovascular consequences that are broad and complex, although an association between dietary Mg intake and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between dietary Mg intake and future risk of CHD. Reported findings are based on dietary Mg intake in 7,17...

Introduction The associations of dietary protein and/or energy intakes with protein or energy wasting in patients on maintenance hemodialysis are controversial. We examined these in the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study. Methods In 1487 participants in the HEMO Study, baseline dietary protein intake (grams per kilogram per day) and dietary energy intake (kilocalories per kilograms per day) were relat...

OBJECTIVE This review provides an update of recent studies of dietary fiber and weight and includes a discussion of potential mechanisms of how dietary fiber can aid weight loss and weight maintenance. METHODS Human studies published on dietary fiber and body weight were reviewed and summarized. Dietary fiber content of popular low-carbohydrate diets were calculated and are presented. RESUL...