Lizards and snakes putatively arose between the early Jurassic and late Triassic; they diversified worldwide and now occupy many different ecological niches, making them ideal for testing theories on the origin of ecological traits. We propose and test the "deep history hypothesis," which claims that differences in ecological traits among species arose early in evolutionary history of major cla...

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper are to (1) introduce the concept of upstream and downstream public health approaches and discuss diet assessment issues in that context, and (2) provide examples of diet assessment methods and challenges in assessing environmental factors influencing eating patterns. DESIGN Dietary assessment of environmental factors is discussed as they relate to nutrit...

OBJECTIVE To examine overall micronutrient intake periconceptionally and throughout pregnancy in a population-based cohort of Australian women. DESIGN In a prospective cohort study, micronutrient dosages were extracted from self-reported maternal supplement use, recorded pre-conception, and for each trimester of pregnancy. A food frequency scale (DQESv2) captured usual maternal diet for gesta...

BACKGROUND The electronic Dietary Intake Assessment (e-DIA), a digital entry food record mobile phone app, was developed to measure energy and nutrient intake prospectively. This can be used in monitoring population intakes or intervention studies in young adults. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the relative validity of e-DIA as a dietary assessment tool for energy and nutrient intakes ...

Information on dietary intakes of Jamaican immigrants in the United States is sparse. Understanding factors that influence diet is important since diet is associated with chronic diseases. This study examined the association between acculturation, socio-cultural factors, and dietary pattern among Jamaican immigrants in Florida. Jamaican persons 25-64 years who resided in two South Florida count...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the 3-month follow-up data of the Eat Well, Live Well Nutrition Program, a culturally specific, peer-led dietary change program designed to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in low-income African-American women. This peer-led program was delivered in the community and was tailored to the participants' stage of change for individual dietary patterns. We report the...

BACKGROUND Despite the hundreds of diet apps available for use on smartphones (mobile phones), no studies have examined their use as tools for dietary assessment and tracking in sports nutrition. OBJECTIVE The aim is to examine the prevalence and perceptions of using smartphone diet apps for dietary assessment and tracking among sports dietitians. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey to ...

however, history of liver transplantation has started in 1963, but after discovery of anti-rejection drugs such as cyclosporine in 1980s, this method has experienced. from 1984 more than 3000 patients underwent surgery and just 1680 patients in 66 liver transplantation centers have operated in 1988. every patient suffers from severe liver diseases and is in terminal stage of this disease, must ...

Diet may play a significant role in cancer prevention, disease progression, and treatment tolerance. An in-depth search of the literature revealed limited information geared toward nurses about diet assessment methods used in research. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence regarding diet assessment methods important in oncology studies. The method used varied based on the stu...