OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to accurately assess the radiation exposure received by patients during cardiac catheterization in a large sample representative of the current state of practice in cardiac angiography. BACKGROUND Radiation exposure to patients and laboratory staff has been recognized as a necessary hazard in coronary angiography. The effects on x-ray exposure of the incre...

introduction the present work describes a study in which, based on patient dose measurements, thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to obtain the diagnostic reference level arising from panoramic radiography. materials and methods ten panoramic units and a sample of 15 patients per x-ray unit were studied. two thermoluminescent dosimeter chips were placed on the skin surface of selected organs...