Although most people recognize that smoking is bad for children's health, one smoking trend among teenagers and adolescents that is only recendy getting the attention it deserves is the use of bidis, thin, handrolled, unfiltered cigarettes made with sundried tobacco that is wrapped in the leaf of the tendu, a plant grown in India's forests. Strong flavors such as vanilla, strawberry, cinnamon, ...

From at least 2006, Western North Dakota experienced an oil boom that resulted in a dramatic increase economic activity, and tax revenue. In response to this boom, Dakota, through constitutional ballot measure, established the Legacy Fund. This fund reserved 30% of monthly revenue collected by state for future use. On July 1, 2017, State Legislature, per provisions creating fund, became able sp...

This article argues that competitive electricity markets are prone to the same cycles of boom and bust that appear in commodity markets and in a specialized industry like real estate. The article then demonstrates how boom and bust might appear in the western electricity system using computer simulation. A “business as usual” simulation shows that the west might be at the crest of a building bo...

Fungicides manufactured to control soybean rust are effective; however, successful control of this disease will mostly depend on proper application methods. Spray coverage and deposition from 9 application equipment/spray nozzles were analyzed. In general, the spray treatments with air assistance were more effective in spraying rust fungicides than the treatments with the conventional boom spra...

Saudi Arabia experienced extreme volatility in oil price booms during a short period due to COVID-19, which traded for 16 days. The boom has received significant attention as it is essential nation’s economic sector. objective of this study was examine how changes under specific conditions affect the stock market return indices and exchange rate Arabia. capital used case study, while average da...

Abstract In imperfectly competitive settings, a firm's price depends on its own costs as well those of competitors. We demonstrate that this has important implications for the estimation and interpretation pass-through. Leveraging large input cost shock resulting from fracking boom, we isolate responses to firm-specific, regional, industry-wide shocks in U.S. oil refining industry. The pass-thr...

In the design of supersonic low-boom aircraft, it is important to balance the aerodynamic performance and sonic boom requirements in a way that represents the best compromise for the overall design. Since the ground sonic boom is typically not a smooth function of the design variables and may actually contain multiple local minima, it is important to select an optimization algorithm that is abl...

The softening of a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) afterglow bears remarkable similarities to the frequency evolution in a sonic boom. At the front end of the sonic boom cone, the frequency is infinite, much like a GRB. Inside the cone, the frequency rapidly decreases to infrasonic ranges and the sound source appears at two places at the same time, mimicking the double-lobed radio sources. Although a “lu...

Many asset markets exhibit a pattern of slow booms and sudden crashes. This paper presents an explanation for this unconditional asymmetry in asset price movements based on an endogenous speed of learning. In the model, more observable economic activity takes place in good times than in bad times. Since more observable activity generates more public information about the state of the economy, f...

Implementation and collapse of exchange rate pegging schemes are recurrent events. A currency crisis is often followed by an economic downturn while pegging often begets a boom. In this paper I study why a benevolent central bank should pursue a monetary policy that leads to those recurrent currency crises and subsequent periods of pegging. I show that the optimal policy induces a competitive e...