The Appalachian Mountains of North America hold a unique diversity of land snails, including those within the family Polygyridae genus Triodopsis. West Virginia has ten or more representatives of the genus (Hubricht, 1985), displaying variations upon the conchological theme of a depressed heliciform shape with a reflected peristome bearing three lamellae. However, it remains unclear whether all...

Drought, one of the most important abiotic stress factors limiting biomass, significantly reduces crop productivity. Salinization also affects the productivity of both irrigated and rain-fed wheat crops. Species of genus Aegilops can be considered crop wild relatives (CWR) of wheat and have been widely used as gene sources in wheat breeding, especially in providing resistance to pests and disea...

Numerous plant pathogens, rhizosphere symbionts, and endophytic bacteria and yeasts produce the important phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), often with profound effects on host plants. However, to date IAA production has not been documented among foliar endophytes -- the diverse guild of primarily filamentous Ascomycota that live within healthy, above-ground tissues of all plant species s...

Arabidopsis thaliana is the preeminent plant model organism. However, significant advances in evolution and ecology are being made by expanding the scope of research beyond this single species into the broader genus Arabidopsis. Surprisingly, few studies have rigorously investigated phylogenetic relationships between the nine Arabidopsis species, and this study evaluates both these and hypothes...

Treatment options are limited for implant-associated infections (IAI) that are mainly caused by biofilm-forming staphylococci. We report here on the activity of the serrulatane compound 8-hydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (EN4), a diterpene isolated from the Australian plant Eremophila neglecta. EN4 elicited antimicrobial activity toward various Gram-positive bacteria but not to Gram-negative b...

Vol. 29, No. 5, 2017 659 Received June 9, 2016, Revised October 11, 2016, Accepted for publication October 14, 2016 Corresponding author: Soo-Chan Kim, Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2019-3362, Fax: 82-2-3463-6136, E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commo...

While little research has been done on California grassland birds, their populations are thought to be declining due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. We investigated the association between California grassland birds and their landscape-scale habitat matrix. The habitat is a mosaic of valley grassland with blue oak and coast live oak woodlands. In this study, we used logistic re...

introduction: accumulation of free radicals could lead to permanent oxidative destruction of organisms by attacking macromolecules and organelles of the body, thus causing organism aging, fatigue and degenerative diseases. therefore, discovering and developing safe and non-toxic natural antioxidants has been an interesting topic in recent decades. compared to synthetic antioxidants, extracts fr...