Medication errors (MEs) are the most common error in ICUs. In fact, 78% of all serious errors in ICUs are due to MEs. Therefore, detecting MEs has vital significance. The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and consequences of different types of errors including prescribing, transcribing and administration errors in an ICU of a large teaching hospital. Disguised direc...

Abstract Europeanisation has marginalised national parliaments and their democratic practices leading to a ‘de-parliamentarisation’ within the EU. The Treaty of Lisbon included substantive provisions designed improve participation by in EU decision-making, most significant which is allocation subsidiarity monitoring. This was intended address concerns that are peripheral Polity, legislation lac...

Function Point Analysis (FPA) is used by organisations worldwide as one of the measures used to establish the baseline size of their software assets in outsourcing contracts. This paper introduces new techniques, which enable all the functionality delivered and worked on by the supplier to be included in the productivity performance monitoring of these contracts. Typically only the business app...

All monitoring programs are designed to detect change in population size. Some require, in addition, estimates of population size itself. Two approaches to making such estimates, using various m ark-recapture methods or removal sampling, are described in this chapter. Whatever the method, estimation of population size requires extensive data collection and analysis and is labor-intensive and ti...

The information obtained about relevant reaction parameters can be greatly increased by monitoring concentration changes during a reaction. To achieve this goal, a fully automated system was designed which handles both sampling and analysis. The sampling system takes samples at predefined intervals, and also performs a number of tasks such as dilution, neutralization, filtration and analysis.Th...