General anesthesia is a dynamic balance between the level of hypnosis, analgesia, and stimulation. It is usually defined as a triad of amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Inhaled volatile anaesthetics remain the most widely used drugs for maintenance of general anesthesia because of their predictable intraoperative and recovery characteristics. Management of haemodynamic stability and ea...

BACKGROUND Context-sensitive times to 50%, 80%, and 90% elimination from the brain have been calculated for volatile anaesthetics. This does not represent complete recovery because there are important residual effects even at 90% elimination, and the effect of anaesthetic metabolism on the rate of elimination has not been considered. METHODS A physiologically based model of anaesthetic uptake...

Both desflurane and sevoflurane have individually been reported to induce hepatic dysfunction; however hepatic dysfunction after administration of both of them separately in a single patient has not previously been reported. As their metabolites differ in nature, we considered that it would be unlikely that their combined use would cause sensitization and induce hepatic dysfunction. We report o...

Purpose: To determine whether the changes in the ocular alignment following general anesthesia, maintained with two different inhalational anesthetic agents, sevoflurane and desflurane, can be used as a predictor for surgical outcomes in children with esotropia. Methods: The authors obtained digital photographs of 42 children with esotropia; 21 patients underwent strabismus surgery with general...

Objective To determine the effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil target-controlled infusion required for a smooth inhalational induction without airway irritation using desflurane in a stepwise incremental manner for 50% of patients (EC50) and 95% of patients (EC95). Methods Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 19-60 years undergoing ele...

INTRODUCTION With the AnaConDa™ system, inhalational sedation in the intensive care unit has become popular. The device can be used with common intensive care unit ventilators and is inserted between the Y-piece and the patient. Liquid isoflurane or sevoflurane are delivered by a syringe pump. 90 % of anesthetic exhaled by the patient is absorbed by a reflector and resupplied during the next in...

To the Editor:—A 77-yr-old man undergoing insertion of a J-splint for renal obstruction received general anesthesia delivered with an ADU anesthesia machine (Anesthesia Delivery Unit; Datex-Ohmeda, Stockholm, Sweden). A 5% desflurane vaporizer concentration setting with an O2/N2O mixture (2 and 3 l/min, respectively) resulted in stable inspired and expired desflurane concentrations (fig. 1). Im...

UNLABELLED Hepatic blood flow is reduced in a dose-related manner by all inhaled anesthetics now in use. We assessed hepatic function in elderly patients anesthetized with desflurane or sevoflurane. We measured the cytosolic liver enzyme alpha glutathione S-transferase (alpha GST), the formation of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), and gastric mucosal tonometry-derived v...

Aim: To use equilibration time to compare the properties of desflurane and isoflurane during low flow anesthesia.Material Methods: The Department Anesthesia at Gandhi Hospital in Hyderabad, India, conducted this prospective research. In research, 100 healthy patients either sex who were scheduled for routine surgery had hemoglobin levels more than 10 g/dL American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA...