In this paper, a new circuit scheme is proposed to reduce the power consumption of dynamic circuits. In the proposed circuit, an NMOS keeper transistor is used to maintain the voltage level in the output node against charge sharing, leakage current and noise sources. Using the proposed keeper scheme, the voltage swing on the dynamic node is lowered to reduce the power consumption of wide fan-in...

Modern portable electronics have seen component heat loads increasing, while the space available for heat dissipation has decreased, both factors working against the thermal designer. This requires that the thermal management system be optimized to attain the highest performance in the given space. While adding fins to the heat sink increases surface area, it also increases the pressure drop. T...

Because VLSI implementations do not cope well with highly interconnected nets—the area of a chip growing as the cube of the fan-in [25]—this paper analyses the influence of limited fan-in on the size and VLSI optimality of such nets. Two different approaches will show that VLSIand sizeoptimal discrete neural networks can be obtained for small (i.e. lower than linear) fan-in values. They have ap...

There are a number of techniques for estimating the amount of weathering a clast has undergone. These usually have the objective of establishing an ordinal chronology of geomorphological surfaces, or investigation of site-specific conditions affecting weathering rates. Three such techniques are applied to a dated sequence of alluvial fan segments in southern Tunisia. Two of these techniques dep...

Ventilation is a vital component of an underground mining operation, used to guarantee a safe atmosphere for workers and survive them from the hazardous and toxic gases. In the recent years, engineers have begun to apply new operation research techniques in order to optimize the ventilation systems to assist in achieving a regulatory compliance, reduce ventilation costs, and improve its efficie...

Optical transmission through concentric circular nanoslits is studied in experiments and numerical simulations. Polarized optical microscopic imaging shows that the optical transmission through these apertures is spatially inhomogeneous, exhibiting colored fan texture patterns. Numerical simulations show that these colored fan texture patterns originate from the cylindrical vector polarization ...

n 1965, a U.S. Navy airplane was shot down over North Vietnam by a Soviet surface-to-air missile. Shortly thereafter, the Navy sought countermeasures and tactics that could mitigate this threat. It became apparent that tests of airplanes in the presence of threat simulators could provide many answers to tactical problems as well as enhance and complement countermeasure system design and develop...

to increase agricultural crops’ quality and to minimize losses in the final product and used energy during the drying process, major drying system parameters should be continuously controlled. precise control of such parameters is attained by using automatic control systems. to optimize the overall dryer efficiency in a forced convective solar dryer, a controller was designed, constructed a...

In this study, a novel experimental model was proposed, built, and tested to present an efficient simple method for cooling protective helmets. The system based on evaporative technique in which water is used as coolant sprayed over canvas covering the outer helmet’s surface. A solar fan provided enhance evaporation rate. results were with main laws of heat mass evaluate transfer rates. propose...