Liposome-encapsulated amikacin has recently entered clinical trials. The rationale for liposome encapsulation of aminoglycosides is the possibility to increase the therapeutic index of this class of antibiotics by increasing aminoglycoside concentrations at the site of infection and/or by reducing the toxicity of these drugs. Three approaches can be distinguished: the use of liposomes as a depo...

The mechanisms through which LH-RH antagonists suppress gonadotroph functions and LH-RH receptor (LH-RH-R) production are incompletely understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we investigated the effects of Cetrorelix on the mRNA expression of pituitary LH-RH-R and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in three experimental systems with different pituitary LH-RH environments. Ovariectomy induced...

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To perform comparative analysis of the efficacy and the safety of six months formulation of LHRH analogues indicated for prostate cancer treatment. METHOD Search in the PubMed database for clinical trials published between 2006 and 2009 using the following key words: "prostate cancer", "triptorelin or leuprorelin" and "66-month depot". RESULTS The efficacy of all 3 six mo...

In open vehicle routing problems, the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after completing service. In this paper, we present the first exact optimization algorithm for the open version of the well-known capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The algorithm is based on branch-and-cut. We show that, even though the open CVRP initially looks like a minor variation of the standard...

Multi-echelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistic management. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies as well as by companies to model their distribution systems. In the literature, most studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from the origins to their final destinations....

We address in this paper the pickup and delivery multi-depot vehicle routing problem (PDMDVRP). In this problem, a single commodity type is collected from a set of pickup customers to be delivered to a set of delivery customers by vehicles dispatched from multiple depots. The proposed problem has many applications in practice such as distribution of money between the branches of a bank, and mov...

The present study provides a framework for assessing the environmental risk associated with fire and explosion of gasoline storage tanks in oil depots. proposed includes three main steps: problem formulation, analysis, description. necessary basic details were identified collected formulating problem. source, pathway, receptor (SPR) model was employed analysis process. Each part analyzed using ...

AIMS AND METHOD Risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) is the first atypical antipsychotic drug to be available in a ‘depot’ formulation. The evidence base underpinning its use is small.We sought to evaluate its early use in clinical practice by a naturalistic follow-up study of the first 50 patients to be prescribed RLAI in one National Health ServiceTrust. RESULTS At 6 months, 54% of patien...

The location-routing problem (LRP), which integrates location and routing decisions, has been an attraction to both researchers and practitioners. LRP as an important business problem has its own inherent uncertainty; especially, considering phenomena such as traffic congestion and weather conditions and their impact on transportation costs, routing in LRP is subject to uncertainty. In this pap...

Six patients who had experienced prolonged steroid-induced pituitary-adrenal suppression were treated with 100 U of depot procine ACTH every 2 to 4 days for several months. Such treatment did not hasten the recovery of normal pituitary-adrenal function compared with the rate of recovery of a group of similarly suppressed patients who received no depot ACTH. Eight of nine patients who received p...