Susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients (SFGs) perpendicular to the slice plane often result in signal dropout in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. Two-dimensional (2D) z-shim methods reduce these effects by acquiring multiple images with different slice refocusing gradient areas. In this work a 3D z-shim method is introdu...

BACKGROUND To what extent is activity of individual neurons coupled to the local field potential (LFP) and to blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)? This issue is of high significance for understanding brain function and for relating animal studies to fMRI, yet it is still under debate. RESULTS Here we report data from simultaneous recordings of...

Appetitive and consumatory sexual behaviors are critically dependant upon gonadal steroids, the medial preoptic area, and functional androgen receptors (AR). Utilizing the expression of the protein product of the immediate-early gene c-fos as a marker of behavior-dependent neural activation, anatomical sites involved in reproductive behavior have previously been colocalized with AR in regions o...

Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) is a recently developed technique forthe detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations. It involves the comparisonbetween two or more DNAs as a mixture of denatured and reannealed PCR products. The methodologyis based on the principle of reversed phase liquid chromatography and uses a unique DNA sepa...

Fast x-Ray dispersive spectroscopy allowed by the dispersive geometric shows three transitions in the kinetics of 5mM carbonylhemoglobin denaturation. The CO detachment at low pH(2.6) is preceeded by CO bending due to the protonation (pH-5.6), and later by protein unfolding (pH-3.3) Only a few detection systems have been achieved to compete the creditable performance of synchrotron radiation so...

Swine influenza (SI) is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease of swine caused by influenza A viruses. In addition, SI infections possess significant human public health concerns as they may serve as intermediate host for the generation of new pandemic viruses. Vaccination is still the primary method for the prevention and control of SI. Currently, commercially available vaccines agai...

The effective equation of state of normal matter and radiation is changed in theories where the size of the compact space depends upon the local energy density. In particular we show how the dilution of a fluid due to the expansion of the universe can be compensated by an increase of the effective coupling of that fluid to gravity in the presence of a potential which acts to reduce the size of ...

-The present paper considers the problem of hazard in combinatorial logic structures. We shall define an improvement for the time constants method, improvement that will consider, among other features, the specific function implemented by the gates used (we are mostly interested by the inverting characteristic). In this endeavor we shall define a new type of operator and a new type of variable,...