Since leadership plays a vital role in democratic movements, understanding the nature of democratic leadership is essential. However, the definition of democratic leadership is unclear (Gastil, 1994). Also, little research has defined democratic leadership in the context of democratic movements. The leadership literature has paid no attention to democratic leadership in such movements, focusing...

In the last decade or so, civil society space in India has witnessed the proliferation of organizations engaged in budget analysis. Budget analysis can be defined as the process through which state budgets are scrutinized from the perspective of the poor and marginalized. Its focus is on critically evaluating budgetary allocations made by governments at the beginning of the fiscal year and trac...

This paper is a conceptual and empirical exploration of the tensions inherent in the drive to increase openness and transparency in government by means of information access and dissemination. The idea that democratic governments should be open, accessible, and transparent to the governed is receiving renewed emphasis through the combination of government reform efforts and the emergence of adv...

As ever more policy-makers, governments and organisations turn to the gig economy and digital labour as an economic development strategy to bring jobs to places that need them, it becomes important to understand better how this might influence the livelihoods of workers. Drawing on a multi-year study with digital workers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia, this article highlights four ke...

What factors have promoted and retarded the spread of the internet globally? The internet is one example of the diffusion of technology. Much as other technologies, the internet has diffused unevenly across countries, raising concerns over a “digital divide.” My main proposition is that its spread has been driven by neither technological nor economic factors alone. Rather political factors exer...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent to which new Labour, on entering office in 1997, continued the policies put in place by previous Thatcherite governments. In economic policy, significant coherence is evident between the Thatcherite and new Labour approaches but this is less so within the welfare sphere, where subtle yet evident social democratic shifts returned the party back to t...

The present difficulties of democratic welfare states in Europe are often ascribed to economic "globalization", that is to the world-wide integration of markets for capital, goods and services which has eliminated national control over boundary-crossing economic transactions, and which therefore exposes national producers to world-wide competition. In fact, however, globalization in the strict ...

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations or its Member States. ABSTRACT Public administration is an essential link between citizens and governments. Over the past 50 years, its practice and conceptual terrain have undergone four phases, namely, traditional public administration, public management, new public managemen...

We provide the first comprehensive study of lobbying across venues by studying interest group registrations in both the legislative and administrative branches. We present four major findings based on Federal and state data. First, groups engage in substantial administrative lobbying relative to legislative lobbying. Second, the vast majority of groups lobby the legislature, but a large proport...

The Internet as a mega-collection of smaller communication networks has provided each individual the means to voice their opinion across the world. This capability has enabled a significant number of individuals to be heard by politicians and governments. Functions such as social media, as well as personal publishing (e.g. blogging), have provided a profound ease with which individuals can comm...