Introduction: Research evidence indicates that maladaptive reorganization of the brain plays a critical role in amplifying pain experiences and pain chronification; there is, however, no clear evidence of change in brain wave activity among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The objective of this study was to assess brain wave activity in patients with CLBP, compared to healthy control...

Traditionally, dental-shade-guide standards are designated in terms of Munsell hue (H), value (V), and chroma (C). However, delta E color differences proposed as ADA tolerances for shade guides are in the CIE L*a*b* system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new color-difference equation, delta EM = C delta H/5 + 7 delta V + 4 delta C for estimation of small color differences by Munsel...

V gamma 9/V delta 2 cells represent a fraction of human gamma/delta cells that is expanded after birth in the periphery, carries markers of activated cells, and becomes a major population in peripheral blood. We found that these cells do not comprise a single population but actually represent two nested sets, the smaller of which, specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-pulsed antigen-presentin...

A dynamic stability criterion for elastic–plastic structures under near-fault ground motions is derived in closed form. A negative post-yield stiffness is treated in order to consider the P-delta effect. The double impulse is used as a substitute of the fling-step near-fault ground motion. Since only the free vibration appears under such double impulse, the energy approach plays a critical role...

In the traditional mechatronic systems, the controller designs are usually separated from the mechanical structure designs. Consequently, the controller algorithms become more and more complex, i.e., from the PD controller, to the computed-torque controller, and to all sorts of the adaptive controller. These complex control algorithms encounter many difficulties in implementation of the control...