BACKGROUND delirium is a common clinical problem and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Many medications have been associated with the development of delirium, but the strength of the associations is uncertain and it is unclear which medications should be avoided in people at risk of delirium. METHODS we conducted a systematic review to identify prospective studies that investigated ...

BACKGROUND delirium and frailty are common among hospitalised older people but delirium is often missed and frailty considered difficult to measure in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE to explore the relationship between delirium and frailty in older inpatients and determine their impact on survival. DESIGN AND SETTING the prospective cohort study of 273 patients aged ≥75 years. MEASURES patie...

BACKGROUND The ABCDE bundle incorporates multidisciplinary measures to improve and/or preserve patients' physical, functional, and neurocognitive status through awakening and breathing coordination, delirium prevention and management, and early physical mobility. OBJECTIVES To quantify the prevalence and duration of delirium in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) before and after implem...

BACKGROUND The aim of this randomized, parallel-arm trial was to study the effect of treating subsyndromal delirium with risperidone on the incidence of clinical delirium in elderly patients who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery. METHODS One hundred one patients aged 65 yr or older who experienced subsyndromal delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery were randomized using a computer-generated l...

OBJECTIVE To determine the costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care academic hospital. PATIENTS Patients were 275 consecutive mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. INTERVENTIONS We prospectively examined patients for delirium using the Confusion Assessm...

BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium is relatively common. However, the relationship between intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and delirium has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IV-PCA on the prognosis of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. METHODS Medical records of 129 patients with postoperative...

Delirium can be caused by haemodynamics abnormalities during anaesthesia. The main role in delirium appearance is given to decreasing of cerebral perfusion pressure. Especially it can happen in patients with underlying intracranial hypertension. Anaesthetics effects on intracranial pressure are different therefore cerebral hypoperfusion can happens in these patients even without systemic hypote...

Delirium is a highly prevalent and complex neuropsychiatric disorder marked by attentional dysfunction, disturbances in multiple cognitive domains, and changes in motor behavior, perception, sleep, and thought process. Delirium results from diverse toxic, metabolic, infectious, and structural etiologies and is associated with a number of adverse outcomes. Delirium pathophysiology involves pertu...

Delirium is highly prevalent, occurring in 20% of acute hospital inpatients and up to 62% of surgical patients. It is a significant predictor of poor outcomes including mortality and institutionalisation, however it is often viewed as simply a marker of underlying illness and is frequently overlooked in older adults. Although delirium is commonly comorbid with dementia, it represents a more urg...

OBJECTIVE Antipsychotics are frequently used in the management of delirium, although there is limited information regarding the safety and efficacy of antipsychotics in treating delirium. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence for the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in treating delirium. SOURCES MEDLINE (July 1980 to July 2005) and Cochrane databases were ...