The standard experimental procedures for determining the interlaminar fracture toughness are designed delamination propagation in unidirectional specimens. However, aerospace structural components, usually occurs between plies at different orientations resulting damage mechanisms which can increase value of as propagates. Generally, numerical analyses employ measured onset, leading to conservat...

With the increasing application of composite materials in anti-impact structure, development reliable rate-dependent interlaminar constitutive model becomes necessary. This study aims to assess and evaluate applicability three types cohesive models (logarithmic, exponential power) numerical delamination simulation, through comparison with dynamic test results double cantilever beam (DCB) specim...

Fracture toughness (K1C) of medium carbon steel (0.5% C) has been determined by round notched tensile specimen. Two notch diameters (5.6mm and 4.2mm) and three notch angles (α) namely 45, 60 and 75 have been used to observe the effect of notch diameters and notch angle on fracture toughness of the steel. By heat treatment the microstructure of the steel is also varied and its effect on the frac...

The toughness of a (non-complete) graph G is the minimum value of t for which there is a vertex cut A whose removal yields |A|/t components. Determining toughness is an NP-hard problem for general input graphs. The toughness conjecture of Chvátal, which states that there exists a constant t such that every graph on at least 3 vertices with toughness at least t is hamiltonian, is still open for ...

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of interfacial fibre orientation and interleaved thermoplastic veil Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness 5-harness satin woven carbon reinforced polymer composite laminates. Three-point End-Notched Flexure tests were carried out to determine delamination resistance, GIIC, specimens with five biases two densities at midplane. Results sho...

Mental toughness in endurance athletes, while an important factor for success, has been scarcely studied. An online survey was used to examine eight mental toughness factors in endurance athletes. The study aim was to determine mental toughness profiles via latent profile analysis in endurance athletes and whether associations exist between the latent profiles and demographics and sports charac...

The distinctive characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, like low weight or high specific strength, had broadened their use to new fields. Due to the need of assembly to structures, machining operations like drilling are frequent. In result of composites inhomogeneity, this operation can lead to different damages that reduce mechanical strength of the parts in the connection area. F...

Crack propagation across laminated brittle solids from uniaxial tension or line-wedge loading is studied in real time using a model glass/epoxy architecture. The fracture progresses from one layer to the next via reinitiation from pre-existing flaws on the glass surfaces ahead of the primary crack in a process accompanied by some penetration through the interlayer but generally little or no del...

A thermal barrier system with plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) has been analyzed subject to thermal cycling. The thermally grown oxide (TGO) is allowed to grow at the peak temperature in the cycle, with both thickening and lateral components of the growth strain. The stresses in the TGO are also allowed to relax at high temperature when they attain a critical level. The bond coat is...

Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among tropical forest species. Absolute toughness increased with seed size. However, smaller seeds had high...