in this paper, the correlation between the surface rumpling and cracking phenomena with twinning mechanism during plastic deformation of hadfield steel has been investigated. the effect of stacking fault energy and the amount of strain are evaluated. the experimental samples with specific amounts of carbon, manganese and aluminum resulting in different stacking fault energies, were produced usi...

Irreversible plastic forming of B19′ martensite the NiTi shape memory alloy is discussed within framework continuum mechanics. It suggested that main mechanism arises from coupling between reorientation and coordinated [100](001)M dislocation slip. A heuristic model proposed, showing (201̄)M deformation-twin bands, commonly observed in experiments, can be interpreted as a combination dislocation...

Anecdotal and scientific evidence suggest humans tend to undershoot targets in rapid movements. We investigated whether this undershoot bias derives from energy minimization mechanisms. Participants performed 200 trials of two tasks: (1) a simple slider push to a target, and (2) a modified version of (1), designed so overshooting was less energy consuming than undershooting. Results support tha...

PURPOSE To introduce the concept of energy minimization-based inverse optimization for external beam radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mathematical formulation of energy minimization-based inverse optimization is presented. This mathematical representation is compared to the most commonly used dose-volume based formulation used in inverse optimization. A simple example on digitally created ...

This paper presents a new method for determining the minimal non-rigid deformation between two 3-D surfaces, such as those which describe anatomical structures in 3-D medical images. Although we match surfaces, we represent the deformation as a volumetric transformation. Our method performs a least squares minimization of the distance between the two surfaces of interest. To quickly and accurat...

This paper presents a novel modeling technique and develops an interactive algorithm that facilitates the automatic determination of non-uniform knot vectors as well as other control variables for NURBS curves and surfaces through the unified methodology of energy minimization, variational principle, and numerical techniques. NURBS have become a de facto industry-standard primarily because of t...