Previous work (Knee & Zuckerman, 1996) found that the combination of high autonomy and low control was associated with fewer self-enhancing attributions after success and fewer self-protective attributions after failure. The present research again found strong support for a synergistic effect of causality orientations on defensive behavior through a prospective examination of defensive coping s...

Lending officers (LOs) assess loan applications under conditions characterized by shifts in economic climate, wavering public credibility for banks and greater industry regulation. This paper examines the extent to which, in such an economic environment, the LOs’ assessment of commercial loan applications may be defensive, and, if so, which mechanisms that may trigger defensive loan assessment ...

Microbes that protect their hosts from pathogens are widespread in nature and are attractive disease control agents. Given that pathogen adaptation to barriers against infection can drive changes in pathogen virulence, 'defensive microbes' may shape disease severity. Here we show that co-evolving a microbe with host-protective properties (Enterococcus faecalis) and a pathogen (Staphylococcus au...

In this paper, we address issues related to defending against widespreading worms on the Internet. We study a new class of worms called the selfadaptive worms. These worms dynamically adapt their propagation patterns to defensive countermeasures, in order to avoid or postpone detection, and to eventually infect more computers. We show that existing worm detection schemes cannot effectively defe...