CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and/or its main three ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, andCXCL11 are highly upregulated in a variety of diseases. As such, considerable efforts have beenmade to develop small-molecule receptor CXCR3 antagonists, yielding distinct chemical classes of antagonists blocking binding and/or function of CXCR3 chemokines. Although it is suggested that these compounds bind in an allos...

Treatment of common pathogens, such as Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., is a big challenge for practitioner. Antibiotics’ side effects during their application the treatment infectious diseases should not be underestimated they have many issues, transfer antibiotics-resistant genes, dysbiosis, and antibiotic-resistant strains, which main hurdle in eradication d...

BACKGROUND Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a proven host for the commercial production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins. For the manufacture of heterologous proteins with activities deleterious to the host it can be desirable to minimise production during the growth phase and induce production late in the exponential phase. Protein expression by regulated promoter systems off...

Human defensins are natural peptide antibiotics. On the basis of the position and bonding of six conserved cysteine residues, they are divided into two families, designated alpha- and beta-defensins. Human alpha-defensins are expressed predominantly in neutrophils (human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-4) or intestinal Paneth cells (human defensins (HD) 5 and 6). Although alpha-defensins have been ...

Impaired expression of α-defensin antimicrobial peptides and overproduction the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we examine interactions between α-defensins role defensin deficiency in pathogenesis It was found that matrix metalloproteinase-7-deficient (MMP-7−/−) mice, which produce procryptdins but not mature ...

Bactericidal activity of human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the presence of saliva and/or serum. Increasing the concentration of hBD-3 partially overcame this inhibition. A fast bactericidal effect was observed against both bacterial strains, suggesting a potential therapeutic use for hB...

A novel defensin antimicrobial peptide gene was identified in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. This three exon/two intron defensin gene codes for a peptide precursor consisting of two domains: a signal peptide of 26 amino acids and a mature peptide of 40 residues. The mature cod defensin has six conserved cysteine residues that form 1-5, 2-4 and 3-6 disulphide bridges. This pattern is typical of bet...