The rationale for issuing poison pill securities remains unclear, despite the findings of a large body of prior research that these defenses adversely affect shareholder wealth. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the adoption of such defenses may reflect shareholders’ desire to contract efficiently with their managers in an environment characterized by hostile takeovers and uncertainty...

to study seed dormancy and the after-ripening period in barley genotypes (57 dutch genotypes and two iranian cultivars (gorgan and valfair)), an experiment of randomized complete block design (two replications) was conducted at the research farm of collage of agriculture and natural resources, university of tehran in 2004-2005. in the growing stage of zgs92, panicle was collected. the percentag...

Specific interventions included in the review To be included, the trials had to use delayed pushing. The duration of delay varied between the studies. In some studies it was between one and three hours (or earlier if there was an involuntary desire to push), in others women were delayed until the head became visible at introitus or rotation and descent ceased. Comparators, although not prespeci...