Many vertebrates and invertebrates in the marine environment create and respond to sound. Due to increasing use of waterways, levels of anthropogenic sound are greater than ever. We examined the responses of larvae of temperate invertebrates to three sound treatments: natural ambient sound (shallow rocky reef), anthropogenic sound (an outboard motor) and no sound (control). Sound recordings wer...

Endotoxin tolerance is a complex phenomenon characterized primarily by decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators, whereas the expression of other genes are induced or unchanged. Endotoxin tolerance is induced by prior exposure of murine macrophages/human monocytes, experimental animals, or people to TLR ligands. Although recent studies repor...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Frost tolerance of wheat depends primarily upon a strong vernalization requirement, delaying the transition to the reproductive phase. The aim of the present study was to learn how saturation of the vernalization requirement and apical development stage are related to frost tolerance in wheat. METHODS 'Mironovskaya 808', a winter variety with a long vernalization requireme...

Chronic scream sound alters the cognitive performance of male rats and their brain monoamine levels, these stress-induced alterations are sexually dimorphic. To determine the effects of sound stress on female rats, we examined their serum corticosterone levels and their adrenal, splenic, and thymic weights, their cognitive performance and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and their meta...

The age structure of male populations respending to sound were studied with five species of age-known, virgin and non-virgin ma]es in the Iaboratory (Cx, P. molestus, Cx. P. paltens, Ae, aegypti, Ae. albopictus and An. stephensi), and with resting, swarming and sound-trapped males in the nature (Cx. tarsalis, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Ae. melanimon). The age of the field-collected males was det...

In the present study, improvement of salt tolerance in basil (as a salt-sensitive plant) was investigated through silicon (Si) nutrition. Basil plants were subjected to silicon (0, 3 mM) and salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) for a duration of one month. Salt stress significantly decreased the biomass of basil. Si supplement (3 mM) resulted in a considerable increase (averagely +135%) i...

Late detection of new types of faults often results in the evolution of faulttolerance requirements while developers have already created design artifacts. Thus, the reuse of an existing design in the development of a fault-tolerant version thereof has the potential to reduce the overall development costs. Moreover, the automation of such a reuse yields a fault-tolerant design that is correct b...

Studies on the effects of anthropogenic activity on wildlife aim to provide a sound scientific basis for management. However, misinterpretation of the theoretical basis for these studies can jeopardise this objective and lead to management outcomes that are detrimental to the wildlife they are intended to protect. Misapplication of the terms ‘habituation’, ‘sensitisation’ and ‘tolerance’ in imp...

This study tested hypotheses generated from an integrative model of political tolerance that derived hypotheses from a number of different social psychological theories (e.g., appraisal tendency theory, intergroup emotion theory, and value protection models) to explain political tolerance following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. A national field study (N = 550) found that immediate ...

Pacific herring (ClupeupulZasz) population biomass in Prince William Sound declined nearly 80% from 1992 to 1994. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus probably contributed most to population decline in 1994. Viral prevalence in spring samples (n = 233-260/year) steadily decreased from 1994 to 1996 (4.7% 1.9% O.OO/), but prevalence increased to 15% in 1997 and 1998. Vial disease is acute (days to ...