Executive Summary This white paper compares and contrasts the two major implementations of beamforming found in the market today: ● Switched array beamforming ● Digital signal processing (DSP)-based beamforming This paper suggests that both methods do offer some performance gain but that DSP-based beamforming (such as used in ClientLink 2.0) is superior (especially when supporting a network wit...

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) constitutes a candidate networking technology towards the 4G vision realization. By adopting the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technique, the latest IEEE 802.16x amendments manage to provide QoS-aware access services with full mobility support. A number of interesting scheduling and mapping schemes have been propose...

In this paper we consider a heterogeneous network which consists of a macro base station and some pico base stations utilizing massive MIMO and MIMO techniques, respectively. A central software-defined mobile network (SDMN) controller is adopted in order to provide user association and energy scheduling. The users are considered battery limited and are capable of simultaneous wireless informati...

Most of the deployed IEEE 802.11e Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) use infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) in which an Access Point (AP) serves as a gateway between wired and wireless domains. We present the unfairness problem between the uplink and the downlink flows of any Access Category (AC) in the 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) when the default settings of the ED...

In recent years, mobile communication traffic has continuously been shifting from being dominated by voice-call traffic with symmetric uplink / downlink capacity requirements to burst-like traffic with strongly fluctuating capacity requirements depending on instantaneous file upload / download activities by mobile users. Consequently, LTE, which was originally designed with fixed FDD or TDD mod...

Uplink-downlink decoupling in which users can be associated to different base stations in the uplink and downlink of heterogeneous small cell networks (SCNs) has attracted significant attention recently. However, most existing works focus on simple association mechanisms in LTE SCNs that operate only in the licensed band. In contrast, in this paper, the problem of resource allocation with uplin...

This paper investigates the long-lived TCP bulk throughput over the CDMA 1x EV-DO service that provides high-speed “always on” Internet connectivity in a wide-area mobile environment. Although the peak rates of downlink/uplink are specified as 2.4 Mbps/153 Kbps, the user-experienced application-layer throughput has not been much reported and analyzed. In our experiment, it was shown that averag...

In this letter, we consider an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless communication system, where active or xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">passive IRS is employed to assist the between access point and a user. First, downlink/uplink separately optimize placement for...

CDMA network planning, for example in 3G UMTS networks, is an important task whether for upgrading existing networks or planning new networks. It is a time consuming, computationally hard, task and generally requires the consideration of both downlink and uplink requirements. Simulation experiments presented here suggest that if time is a major consideration in the planning process then as a co...

In developing the global Quantum Internet, quantum communication with low-Earth-orbit satellites will play a pivotal role. Such need to be two way: effective not only in satellite-to-ground (downlink) channel but also ground-to-satellite (uplink). Given that losses on this latter are significantly larger relative former, techniques can exploit superior downlink enhance uplink should explored. w...