In order to meet the requirements of driving safety and energy-saving of lighting in tunnel, a fuzzy control method is adopted to design the tunnel lighting control system. A fuzzy control model for the tunnel lighting control system is established with tunnel exterior environment luminance, traffic volume and vehicle speed information as inputs and tunnel interior light luminance as output. Me...

Nowadays, underground structures play vital role in developing different countries. Such structures are constructed in many civil activities such as development of road and railways, subways, water, gas and sewage lines, underground subways, nuclear wastes land filling, fuel storage and military installations. With an appropriate drilling method being selected, instabilities created in tunnels ...

Results: A total of 155 (79.5%) subjects had adequate postoperative lateral radiographs and complete BPII scores. The mean duration of follow-up (±SD) was 24.4 ± 8.2 months (range, 12-74 months). Measurement from the center of the femoral tunnel to the Schöttle point resulted in 143 (92.3%) tunnels being categorized as “good” or “ideal.” There were 8 failures in the cohort, none of which occurr...

With most posterior cruciate (PCL) reconstruction techniques, the distal end of the graft is fixed within a tibial bone tunnel. Although a surgical goal is to locate this tunnel at the center of the PCL's tibial footprint, errors in medial-lateral tunnel placement of the tibial drill guide are possible because the position of the tip of the guide relative to the PCL's tibial footprint can be di...

Photosynthesis occurs in mesophyll cells of specialized organs such as leaves. The rigid cell wall encapsulating photosynthetic cells controls the expansion and distribution of cells within photosynthetic tissues. The relationship between photosynthesis and plant growth is affected by leaf area. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms affecting carbon partitioning to different aspects of lea...

PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the distance between the anteromedial (AM) bundle and posterolateral (PL) bundle tunnel-aperture centers by simulating the anatomical femoral tunnel placement during double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 3-D computer-aided design models of the knee, in order to discuss the risk of tunnel overlap. Relationships between the AM to PL center dista...

Based on wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) deployed in an underground coal mine, a miner's lamp video collaborative localization algorithm was proposed to locate miners in the scene of insufficient illumination and bifurcated structures of underground tunnels. In bifurcation area, several camera nodes are deployed along the longitudinal direction of tunnels, forming a collaborative cl...

Tunnel engineering is an important aspect of developing and utilizing underground spaces. water inrush became a common problem that restricts the safe efficient construction tunnels. This paper focuses on karst water-rich tunnel in Chongqing establishes seepage field distribution model around tunnel, analyzing evolution law field. The balance method runoff modulus are used to predict inflow. pr...

Aeolian processes occur throughout the Solar System and likely on extrasolar planets as well. Models based on data collected in boundary layer wind tunnels have contributed to understanding the physics of these processes. Planetary wind tunnels allow simulation of conditions (atmospheric pressure, density, or kinematic viscosity) on extraterrestrial bodies, and their use over several decades ha...

The objective of obtaining a spatially standardized steady stream of air across and along the test section of a wind tunnel has been considered by several researchers. When a wind tunnel is manufactured or montage or move to another position, the study about variation of pressure, Mach number, density and temperature distribution, the variation of pitch and yaw components of flow angularity, bo...