Classical results on the surjectivity and injectivity of parallel maps are shown to be extendible to the cases with non-Euclidean cell spaces of particular types. Also shown are obstructions to extendibility, which may shed light on the nature of classical results such as the Garden-of-Eden theorem. Key–Words: Cellular automata, Non Euclidean cell spaces, the Garden-of-Eden theorem

abstract:â green spaces, especially urban gardens have been a subject of study in many countries for a long time, but the subject has been mostly overlooked in iran. therefore, this study tries to analyze the changes in land use and how we can protect green spaces (gardens) in jahrom in line with sustainable development in 1996-2006. the data in this study were collected through local investiga...

A garden G is populated by n ≥ 1 bamboos b1, b2, ..., bn with the respective daily growth rates h1 ≥ h2 ≥ · · · ≥ hn. It is assumed that the initial heights of bamboos are zero. The robotic gardener or simply a robot maintaining the bamboo garden is attending bamboos and trimming them to height zero according to some schedule. The Bamboo Garden Trimming Problem, or simply BGT, is to design a pe...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate rater agreement for a simple 2-category classification of subcapital hip fractures versus the 4-category Garden classification and to determine the effect of clinician experience on the level of agreement. SETTING Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, a level 1 trauma centre. METHOD Eleven raters, with varying levels of clinical experience (3 fellows...

OBJECTIVE To determine changes in ability to identify specific vegetables and fruits, and attitudes towards vegetables and fruit, associated with the introduction of a school-based food garden. DESIGN A 12-month intervention trial using a historical control (control n 132, intervention n 120), class-based, self-administered questionnaires requiring one-word answers and 3-point Likert scale re...

Cogongrass is a troublesome, invasive weedy species with reported allelopathic properties. The phytotoxicity of different constituents isolated from roots and aerial parts of this species was evaluated on garden lettuce and creeping bentgrass. No significant phytotoxic activity was detected in the methylene chloride, methanol, or water extracts when tested at 1.0 mg ml. However, the total essen...

an address at the Royal Sanitary Institute on April 26th, 1922, stated that recent observation by American workers had shown the pig to be a disseminator of hookworm larvae. In the annual report of the work done in the hookworm laboratory of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine during 1921, issued by the Indian Tea Association on May 10th, 1922, Dr. R. Borland McVail writes: " In view of th...

The importance of contemplating perspectives can be illustrated by a famous garden at the Ryoanji Temple in Kyoto, Japan. Built in the late 1400s, the garden has 15 simple stones laid in meticulously raked white gravel. A veranda allows visitors to view the layout of the stones and pause for a moment of reflection. The positioning of the stones is fascinating; from any vantage point an observer...