Buruli ulcer is a neglected emerging disease that has recently been reported in some countries as the second most frequent mycobacterial disease in humans after tuberculosis. Cases have been reported from at least 32 countries in Africa (mainly west), Australia, Southeast Asia, China, Central and South America, and the Western Pacific. Large lesions often result in scarring, contractual deformi...

Decision problems in water resources management are usually stochastic, dynamic and multidimensional. MDP models have been used since the early fties for the planning and operation of reservoir systems because the natural water in ows can be modeled using Markovian stochastic processes and the transition equations of mass conservation for the reservoir storages are akin to those found in invent...

Hydraulic jumps at the tail end of spillways are usually induced by baffle blocks or other obstacles. Such jumps can also be induced by jets that oppose the main flow. Another application is to back up turbidity currents in reservoirs by means of opposing jets. This measure can be adopted when transfer tunnels feed water into the reservoir at a higher elevation near the dam. Stopping the turbid...

Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is an extension of a quantitative imaging technique to measure water surface velocities using simple and inexpensive equipment. This paper describes the implementation of imaged-based LSPIV in eight different environmental flow and hydraulic engineering applications for the investigation of complex configurations with and without sediment transport...

Leptospirosis caused by spirochete bacterium of genus Leptospira affects humans and animals worldwide. Rodents are major reservoirs of leptospires whereas wetland and aquatic migratory birds also carry and transmit leptospires. Leptospirosis studies in fish are lacking in African countries despite favourable environment and abundant reservoirs, which can spread leptospires into aquatic habitats...

The purpose of this study is to suggest a structural plan for improving the utilization inactive storage in dam reservoirs, mitigate extreme drought. Inactive composed emergency and dead storage. can be used emergencies such as But, general, sedimentation not used, even an emergency. Therefore, we developed methodology determine how space partially during drought periods when has occurred yet. ...

Assessment of local seismicity caused by human engineering activity is a necessity after several earthquakes have been recorded in world practice, which destroyed hydraulic structure, dam and accompanied casualties. The Tupalang, Gissarak Pachkamar reservoirs, operated southern Uzbekistan, are located the mountain system part Tien Shan seismogenic fault. According to general seismic zoning, zon...

Landslides are prevalent natural disasters in mountainous regions worldwide, and the debris flows that accompany them considered a significant cause of topographical changes. Landslide-debris property damage casualties if they occur densely populated areas, such as cities rural areas. Sediments entering dam or reservoir lake can compromise integrity functionality facility. To minimize damage, t...

• Dual hydro-reservoir is introduced in a system with renewable energy sources. Downstream hydropower operates to mitigate runoff disruption from upstream one. A model minimizing both power output variability and river flow alteration built. Capacity integrate wind photovoltaic without disturbing obtained. Two key features determining capacity are water head reservoir storage capacity. Hydropow...

dam reservoirs supply potable, agricultural, and industrial water in most cities of iran. due to lack of proper operational rules or unbalanced demand versus water resources volume, (along operating time) correction in operational rules is required to fulfill current situations. hence the goal of this study is to optimize the qeshlaq dam reservoir operation rules to maximize the water release f...