Respiratory disease and diarrhea are the 2 most common diseases that result in the use of antimicrobial drugs in preweaned calves. Because the use of drugs in food animals, including dairy calves, has the potential for generating cross-resistance to drugs used in human medicine, it is vital to propose farm practices that foster the judicious use of antimicrobials while assuring animal health an...

In Italy most dairy cows produce milk for cheese manufacture and are farmed in intensive systems, with free stall barns, milking parlor or robotic milking, total mixed ration no (or limited) access to pasture. The main objective farmers is maximize farm income minimize costs by adopting strategies ‘best practices’ the early life of heifers. Monitoring body weight (BW) fertility young stock fund...

Background: No dairy breed or crossbreed has superior overall performance in all environments; therefore, it is necessary to determine which the most suitable for Mexican tropic and what proportion of European optimum reproduction. Objective: To assess effect Bos taurus (Bt) genes on reproductive Holstein×Zebu (HZ) Brown Swiss×Zebu (BZ) cows, compare these genotypes a dual-purpose production sy...

Abstract Intake of poor-quality colostrum reduces thriftiness and survival dairy calves cost producers in 2017 $70 per head for each calf receiving poor quality colostrum. Studies suggest levels lactoferrin IgA within good are 1.5 - 5 mg/ml 5.36 respectively. Today, recommended to expose cows short-day photoperiod (SDPP) during the dry period as this has been shown increase milk production next...

Grass tetany in cattle has been associated with the consumption of early spring forages high in potassium (K) and low in magnesium (Mg). Alterations in serum Mg and K may affect intermediary carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in hypoglycemia and ketosis that often accompany grass tetany. We investigated these interrelationships by infusing potassium chloride (KC1) intravenously in normal (plasm...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects colostrum consumption and feed restriction on biomarkers stress, nutritional health status, gut functionality, behavior in male dairy beef calves being marketed transported. A total 82 Holstein [42 ± 1.2 kg body weight 14 0.9 d age] were used amount given at birth farm origin, degree suffered an assembly center simulation (d −4 −1), a 19 h trans...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weaning age on dry matter intake (dmi), average daily gain (adg), feed efficiency (fe), feed cost (fc) and benefit index (bi) of holstein calves reared under organic farming system. thirty two holstein calves were divided into two treatments: early weaning (ew) vs. late weaning (lw). calves in the both groups were provided with whole mi...

Dairy calves in the western United States are commonly raised individually in wooden hutches with a space allowance of 1.23m(2)/calf. Recent legislative initiatives in California and across the United States were passed regarding concern over space allowance for farm animals. The objective of this study was to determine if rearing male Holstein calves in wooden hutches modified to increase spac...