conclusions the clinical examination is an important and accurate diagnostic modality for evaluation of traumatic derangement of the knee joint. it is noninvasive, easy, available, and valuable diagnostic modality. the mri is an accurate diagnostic modality. it can be used whenever there is an uncertain indication for arthroscopy. however, costs have to be kept in mind, especially in patients w...

conclusions ipbsn injury is a common complication following arthroscopically-assisted aclr and, ifn not significant, oblique direction of the incision is associated with decreasedn incidence of the injury. ipbsn injury has no effect on the function but because of then disturbance with patients' satisfaction, authors believe the oblique incision isn preferable to avoid the nerve injury during me...

BACKGROUND Studies in schizophrenic patients have reported dopaminergic abnormalities in striatum, substantia nigra, thalamus, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and cortex that have been related to positive symptoms and cognitive impairments. METHODS [(18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography studies were performed in off-medication or never-medicated schizophrenic subjects (n = 11, 6 men,...

The inhibitory transmitters glycine and GABA undergo a developmental shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing action (D/H-shift). To analyse this shift in functionally related nuclei of the rat superior olivary complex (SOC), we employed voltage-sensitive dye recordings in auditory brainstem slices. Complementarily, we analysed single neurons in gramicidin perforated-patch recordings. Our res...

We report that EphB receptors direct unique axonal behaviors required for mapping the dorsal-ventral (D-V) retinal axis along the lateral-medial (L-M) axis of the superior colliculus (SC). EphBs are expressed in a D-V gradient, ephrin-B1 in a L-M gradient in SC, and ephrin-B3 at its midline. EphBs and ephrin-Bs are expressed in countergradients in retina and SC. Developmental analyses reveal th...