abu al-qasim khalaf ibn-e-abbas zahrawi(936-1013 a.d.), known as albucasis in west, was one of the greatest physicians in the islamic world. to many historians, he was considered as the father of modern surgery. his book, al-tasrif, e.g., written in 30 chapters, was, in fact, a medical encyclopedia of that era. it was used as one of the main references in medical academic centers for centuries....

alī ibn ḥamzah al-kisā’ī is one of the seven reciters of the qur’an (ghurā’ al-sab‘ah) and the chief of the grammar school (maktab al-naḥwī) in kūfah. he was precepted by more than twenty-five grammar and recitation teachers to the extent that none of his teachers became as successful as him. most of his disagreement with other reciters returns to the verbal rules which has nothing to do with t...

the life of ibn hani can be divided into two parts: the first period under the umayyad rule in andalusia, where he spends nearly three decades of his life in his homeland in obscurity without referring scholars in his life to the poem or literary pieces, and the second period is in moroccan area, proven in his divan, after his sun has raised and shone commonly mentioned there.  the study in the...

menelaus’ sphaerica can be considered as the most important classical text in the tradition of spherics books, written with the aim of the solution of problems arising in spherical astonomy. euclid’s elements is the the most important book on plane geometry. this article aims at a comparative study of menelaus’s sphaerica and euclid’s elements, to show that book i of sphaerica is an attempt to ...

a letter of ali ibn- hussein (peace be upon him) to mohammad ibn- moslem known as ibn- shahab zohri has been mentioned in some resources. in this letter, zohri has been reproached by ali ibn-hussein for his cooperation with bani omayeh. this letter is usually cited as an evidence in analysis of imam sajjad's political and social positions. surveying the resources and numerous books shows t...