BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with plasma exchange has reduced mortality rates from 90% in untreated cases to less than 20%. Despite plasma exchange, relapses may occur in as many as 40% of cases. Multiple relapses occur in a minority but pose a significant therapeutic challenge. Recent evidence supports the presence of an autoantibody which in...

Index Chapter 1: Introduction Page 4 1.1 Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and therapy related APL (t-APL) Page 6 1.2 Therapy related acute myeloid leukemia Page 8 1.3 t-APL following multiple sclerosis and genetic variants of DNA double strand break repair genes Chapter 2: Mechanisms of the formation of t(15;17) in mitoxantrone related therapy related-APL following multiple sclerosis Page 14 ...

This review analyzed the literature data on in vitro preclinical study of cytotoxic properties organotin compounds, as well main mechanisms their action. The latter consist interacting with SH groups proteins, initiating oxidative stress, binding to DNA, receptors, activate apoptosis by increasing expression caspases, proapoptotic and decreasing antiapoptotic proteins. Organotin depending donor...

Background: β-Blockers have shown considerable cytotoxic, anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects. Metoprolol, a β-Blocker with anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties has been widely used for treatment of some cardiovascular diseases such as angina, hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infraction. Limited data exist about the cytotoxic effects of metoprolol on human c...

Summary Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has fundamentally improved the treatment landscape of advanced lung cancer. Improved tolerability and encouraging duration response in selected patients are some advantages ICB over conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) possibly affecting multiple organs pose challenges diagnosis management. Checkpoint inhi...

In recent years, there has been the difficulty in finding more effective therapies against cancer with less systemic side effects. Therefore Photodynamic Therapy is a novel approach for a more tumor selective treatment. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) that makes use of a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), which, upon activation with light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen, generates oxy...

PURPOSE Immunotherapy has experienced impressive progress in cancer treatment. Antibodies against PD-1 improved survival in different types of cancer including melanoma. They are generally well tolerated. However, skin toxicities including pruritus, rashes, and vitiligo are reported. Although frequent, they have not been characterized further yet. In this analysis, we aimed to systematically as...

As part of their defense mechanism against herbivores or phytophagous insects, many plant tissues contain lectins. Some of these lectins are potent toxins which kill animal cells by arresting protein synthesis. An attractive strategy for developing specifically cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is to link cell type-specific monoclonal antibodies to potent toxins. The plant protein ricin has eme...