the house fly, musca domestica l., is known as one of the most important hygiene problems worldwide. it has shown a high potential to develop resistance to chemical insecticides. this study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility or resistance of the house fly, which were collected from 3 livestock farms near the city of ahvaz, to prevalent pyrethroid insecticides (delthamethrin, lambda-...

The scale of variation in species sensitivity to toxicants has been theoretically linked mode action. Specifically, it proposed there will be greater variations for chemicals with a putative specific biological target than non-specific narcotic mechanism. Here we test the hypothesis that action is related specifically designed experiment from single ecologically important terrestrial taxa, name...

A gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 12 pyrethroids (tefluthrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, and deltamethrin) in tomato puree, peach nectar, orange juice, and canned peas. A miniaturized extraction-partition procedure requiring small amounts...

Tick-borne diseases pose significant risks to U.S. military personnel who conduct operations, both domestic and abroad. To determine the feasibility of protecting personnel from tick vectors during short-term field deployments, acaricides cypermethrin (Demon WP, Syngenta, Greensboro, NC) and lambda-cyhalothrin (Surrender Pestabs, CSI, Pasadena, TX) were applied to plots within two separate fiel...

Beta-cypermethrin is one of the most widely used pyrethroid insecticides. However, its continuous and extensive use developed pests’ resistance to beta-cypermethrin. To identify candidate genes for potential phenotypes facilitate more targeted studies, we screened out a wide range resistance-related by comparing multiple transcripts before after induction agents. In this study, transcriptomes w...

the mating disruption technique has been widely used for the control of several lepidopteran pests. in the present study, we assessed the efficiency of two formulations of splat neo, a wax emulsion containing e-11-hexadecenol, with and without the insecticide cypermethrin, in affecting mating disruption of neoleucinodes elegantalis (guenée). we also determined the best phenological age or stage...

Five organophosphates (OPs) (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, fenthion, malathion, and temephos), 3 pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), and 2 microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar.israelensis [B.t.i.] and Bacillus sphaericus) were tested as larvicides against a Florida Aedes albopictus population colonized in the laboratory. In addition, 3 insect growth regu...

In earlier single-species toxicity tests we showed the negative effects on the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa upon exposure to cypermethrin, a pesticide used in treatment for sea lice in salmon farming. In the present study we assessed effects at a higher level of biological organization and under a more realistic exposure scenario using mesocosms. The results showed that simulated field studie...