the environmental procarcinogen which are responcible for carcinogenesis, to form the proximate carcinogen, they require metabolic activation by drug metabolizing enzymes. the cyp3a subfamily enzymes play an important role in elimination of drugs. the substrates for cyp3a4 enzyme include drugs, and endogenous substances. therefore, allelic changes in the coding regions of cyp3a4, increases the ...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a rare pediatric disease in Lebanon for which poor prognosis remains a major challenge. Genetic polymorphism of genes coding for drug‑metabolizing enzymes may influence the response of a patient to chemotherapy. This study investigates a possible association between CYP3A4/5 polymorphism and expression levels and survival in NB patients. All patients with stage III and IV ...

In this study, we summarized the efficacy of switching the immunosuppressant treatment for liver transplant patients with hyperbilirubinemia from tacrolimus to cyclosporine and outlined how pharmacogenetics could guide the application and interchangeability of immunosuppressants. We retrospectively reviewed the results of switching immunosuppressant therapy with tacrolimus to that with cyclospo...

Acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Genetic differences might predispose some individuals to develop ALF. In this exploratory study, we evaluated genotype frequency differences among patients enrolled by the ALF Study Group who had developed ALF either intentionally from a single-time-point overdose of acetaminophen (n = 78), unintentionally after chronic high doses o...

BACKGROUND The CYP4503A5*1 genotype is associated with lower tacrolimus concentrations. Although its effect is important, it incompletely explains the variability in tacrolimus concentrations and has a relatively low minor allele frequency in whites relative to African Americans (AA). METHODS We studied clinical and recipient genetic correlates of dose-normalized tacrolimus troughs (n=12,277)...

AIM The purpose of the current study was to investigate individualized therapy of tacrolimus (Tac), as well as complications after liver transplantation (LT) with the known genetic determinants and clinical factors. METHODS In this retrospective study, two cohorts (n=170) from the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) database from July 2007 to March 2015 were included. RESULTS Both donors...

Abstract The exposure to linezolid is characterized by a large inter-individual variability; age, renal dysfunction and body weight explain this variability only limited extent considerable portion of it remains unexplained; therefore, we decided investigate the role individual genetic background focusing in particular on risk underexposure. 191 patients therapy with at standard dose 600 mg twi...

Although aromatic anticonvulsants are usually well tolerated, they can cause cutaneous adverse drug reactions in up to 10% of patients. The clinical manifestations of the antiepileptics-induced hypersensitivity reactions (AHR) vary from mild skin rashes to severe cutaneous drug adverse reactions which are related to high mortality and significant morbidity. Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P...

Cilostazol (OPC-13013; 6-[4-(1-cyclohexl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone) is widely used as an antiplatelet vasodilator agent. In vitro, the hydroxylation of the quinone moiety of cilostazol to OPC-13326 [6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone], is the predominant route, and the hydroxylation of the hexane moiety to OPC-13217 i...