From 1995 to 1998, more than 90 percent of mid-range IPOs were charged underwriter fees, or spreads, of exactly seven percent, even though evidence suggests that economies of scale in the size of the offering should allow for lower fees. Chen and Ritter (2000) offer collusion as a possible explanation based on empirical analysis and observation. Alternatively, we investigate whether the spreads...

The complex [(p-cym)Ru(bpm)(py)][PF(6)](2) (where p-cym = para-cymene, bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine and py = pyridine) is the first ruthenium(ii) arene complex that can selectively photodissociate a monodentate ligand (py) when excited with visible light and form a reactive aqua derivative able to bind to a DNA base.

We present nucleophilic aromatic substitution of unsubstituted aryl chlorides via a mechanism that is catalytic in [CpRu(p-cymene)]PF6 and involves a Ru(η(6)-arylchloride) intermediate. From the spectroscopic evidence we infer that arene exchange is the rate limiting step in this process and develop several new Ru(ii) complexes that lower the activation barrier to arene exchange.

Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of Turkey. Aerial parts of the plant collected from eleven different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were analysed by a GC/MS system. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and gamma-terpinene were found as the main constituents. Antibacterial evaluation of the oils was also carr...

Ruthenium/Me-BIPAM-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to methyl 2-formylbenzoates afforded chiral 3-aryl-isobenzofuranones. [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2/Me-BIPAM and RuCl2(PPh3)3/Me-BIPAM catalyst systems tolerate a variety of functional groups and give high yields with high enantioselectivities.

This is the first published report of a PCR assay for detecting porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), the causative agent of inclusion body rhinitis in pigs. The DNA to be tested was extracted directly from lungs and nasal scrapings of pigs with various clinical syndromes. Fifty-nine percent (74 of 126) of tested pigs with various clinical syndromes were found to be PCR positive for PCMV. It is hoped...

The activation of the C-H bond of 1-phenylpyrazole (2) and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (3) by [Ru(OAc)2(p-cymene)] is an autocatalytic process catalyzed by the co-product HOAc. The reactions are indeed faster in the presence of acetic acid and water but slower in the presence of a base K2CO3. A reactivity order is established in the absence of additives: 2-phenylpyridine>2-phenyl-2-oxazoline>1-phenylp...

BACKGROUND We describe the characteristics of people with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection. PATIENTS AND METHOD Series of 126 new cases of HIV infection diagnosed in an infectious diseases Service. RESULTS Sexual transmission was the commonest form of infection (74%). Fifteen percent of individuals were aged over 50 years and 16% were immigrants. A late diagnosis (stage C) accounted for ...

To determine the period of harvest that optimizes the antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. from Benin, aerial plant parts were collected at two vegetative stages (pre- and full-flowering) and three sampling times (7 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm). Extraction by hydrodistillation yielded between 0.65 and 0.78% of essential oils. Characterization of the oils by GC-FID and G...

During a 4-year period, 152 female and 9 male patients underwent large-volume liposuction, with ages ranging from 19 to 65 years (mean of 36 years), with a weight previous to surgery between 57 and 126 kg (mean of 72 kg). Tumescent liposuction was done simultaneously by two surgeons in several corporal areas according to the necessities of each case. In 28 patients (17 percent), 500 ml of whole...