The increased migration and invasion of breast carcinoma cells are key events in the development of metastasis to the lymph nodes and distant organs. CXCR4, the receptor for stromal-derived factor-1, is reportedly involved in breast carcinogenesis and invasion. In this study, we investigated a novel biphenyl urea derivate, TPD7 for its ability to affect CXCR4 expression as well as function in b...

objective: the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one million which makes this cancer one of the most common among women worldwide. breast cancer comprises 7% of the total death rate caused by cancers. several strategies that use tumor-associated antigen (taa) vaccination and early detection of breast cancer are clinically being developed. breast cancer is caused by increased over expr...

Bone marrow derived cells engraft to the uterine endometrium and contribute to endometriosis. The mechanism by which these cells are mobilized and directed to the endometrium has not been previously characterized. We demonstrate that human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) produce the chemokine CXCL12 and that bone marrow cells (BMCs) express the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Treatment with physiolog...

The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α/CXCL12 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) play a crucial role in the homing/engraftment and retention of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow. It has been shown using the viral gene transfer technique that CXCR4 overexpression on human CD34(+) HSPC significantly improves their engraftment in murine model...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen and a member of the Herpesviridae family. HCMV has a large genome that encodes many genes that are non-essential for virus replication but instead play roles in manipulation of the host immune environment. One of these is the US27 gene, which encodes a protein with homology to the chemokine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPC...

background: niche cells, regulating spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) fate are believed to have a reciprocal communication with sscs. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ssc elimination on the gene expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf), fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) and kit ligand (kitlg), which are the main growth factors regulating sscs deve...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...

calorie restriction through ingesting no or minimal amounts of food and caloric beverages for periods of time is called fasting. fasting can affect body through changing in physical and metabolic adaptations, as well as mineral and hormonal status. however, psychological effects and sometimes medical complications are likely in case of inappropriate fasting. fasting is associated with changes i...

background: vast variety of intermediate factors including cell cycle regulators, growth factors, transcription factors, and signaling pathways are involved in hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) commitment and differentiation into distinct lineages. vhl, ecad, and runx3 are among these. epigenetics is currently introduced as a potential mechanism to control the gene regulation. the aim of this study...

background:class ii transactivator (ciita) is a dominanttranscriptional element, controlling numerous genes in theimmune system. ciita is expressed in a constitutive pattern inantigen presenting cells although its expression can occur inother cell types. since the revelation of ciita, there have beenconsiderable advances toward understanding its role as anactivator of mhc ii genes in humans and...