canal preparation generates a substantial amount of debris and smear layer (sl). the size and taper of the master apical file (maf) affects on penetration of irrigants and subsequently canal cleaning efficacy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maf size and taper on penetration of irrigants to the apical third of curved mesiobuccal (mb) canals of mandibular first molars.eighty-...

UK) fixation requires a 2.5mm drilled entry point at the base of the metacarpal. This can damage soft tissues including the extensor tendon and also risks breaching the volar cortex. We recommend opening the dorsal metacarpal cortex with a curved artery clip (Fig 1). Initially, Figure 2 Clip turned 180° to continue along medullary canal Figure 1 Entry point gained using clip to penetrate the ne...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance and the force generated by OneShape files during preparation of simulated curved canals. METHODS Six OneShape files (the test) and six ProTaper F2 files (the control) were subject to the bending ability test. Another thirty files of each type were used to prepare artificial canals (n = 60), which were divided into 3 groups according to resp...

constant communication with an intelligence analyst at operations command, and receives orders through an earpiece to don chemical-protection equipment because of new chemical weapons threat intelligence in the area. The chemical-protection suit is similar to but weighs less than those in use today. Most importantly, because it encloses the soldier's head, the suit has an augmented hearing syst...

Cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium, engine-driven instruments was studied by determining the effect of canal curvature and operating speed on the breakage of Lightspeed instruments. A new method of canal curvature evaluation that addressed both angle and abruptness of curvature was introduced. Canal curvature was simulated by constructing six curved stainless-steel guide tubes with angles of cur...

OBJECTIVES The clinical significance of the existence of a retromolar canal and of its neurovascular content is not yet clear.The aim of the present study was to assess the visibility, diameter and course of the mandibular retromolar canal (MRC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan--had been taken for pre-operative radiographic evaluation of impacted mandibular third molars--compared...