Three-dimensional bond or site percolation theory on a lattice can be interpreted as a gauge theory in which the Wilson loops are viewed as counters of topological linking with random clusters. Beyond the percolation threshold large Wilson loops decay with an area law and show the universal shape effects due to flux tube quantum fluctuations like in ordinary confining gauge theories. Wilson loo...

The coronavirus pandemic hit the world sweeping through all parts of world, crumbling economies, and overwhelming health systems. Undergraduate medical education has been totally disrupted put to a stop. As Nigeria braces open on schools clinical rotation about begin, palpable panic that accompanies patients-students spread virus will definitely affect undergraduate in Nigeria. At present, litt...

The persistence of unrecognized states as territorial units is both intellectually puzzling and normatively problematic. Unrecognized are characterized by stagnant or crumbling economies and instability on their borders, often serve as havens for illicit trade, and challenge the territorial sovereignty of recognized states. Nonetheless, unrecognized statehood can be a remarkably stable outcome,...

Physical pain, psychological distress and the deleterious effects of medical procedures all cause the chronically ill to suffer as they experience their illnesses. However, a narrow medicalized view of suffering, solely defined as physical discomfort, ignores or minimizes the broader significance of the suffering experienced by debilitated chronically ill adults. A fundamental form of that suff...

Edgar Allan Poe’s tales offer a variety of instances linked to the analysis of human nature and the processes it goes through during the stories. Most of them treat about the destruction of the self as the narrator finds himself confronted with the darkness that gradually will come to annihilate reason and any sensible thinking. The protagonist witnesses not only the darkness inside, but also t...

The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is crumbling, partially due to the lack of a strong understanding of how encryption actually works, but also due to weaknesses in its implementation. This paper outlines an Internet storage technique using secret sharing methods which could be used to overcome the problems inherent with PKI, while supporting new types of architectures incorporating such thing...

Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with prevalence of 1-3%. Nail psoriasis affects 10-90% of patients with plaque psoriasis. The aim of the article is to review the literature for the correlation between nail psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to provide rheumatologists a short review on features of nail psoriasis, methods of their assessment and possible clinical r...

Pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative fungal agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging fungal-borne epizootic. WNS is responsible for a catastrophic decline of hibernating bats in North America, yet we have limited understanding of the physiological interactions between pathogen and host. Pseudogymnoascus destructans severely damages wings and tail membranes, by causing dryness th...

The modeling of various materials is often a refined process, wherein a combination of actual physical properties and visual shortcuts are used to achieve an accurate rendition. Solids can be modeled with varying rigidity and elasticity; Liquids can be modeled with varying viscosity; Even gases and particle fields can be represented with varying densities. Often, rigid solids must be able to su...