The socially optimal number of police hinges on the extent to which police reduce the most costly crimes, which are also the most difficult to model econometrically because they are rare. In the hope of minimizing simultaneity bias, papers in the recent literature have focused on quasi-experimental approaches that disregard most of the variation in police staffing levels, compounding the modeli...

ECOSYSTEMS CAN BE MODELED AT MANY different hierarchical levels. The phenomenon being simulated has a context represented by the next higher level of ecosystem organization, as well as driving mechanisms represented by the next lower level of ecosystem organization. In this sense, the level at which mechanisms are represented in models of tree crowns depends on the crown attributes or processes...

Sixteen lipophilic N-(X)sulfonyl carbamoyl lariat ethers with polyether ring sizes of 12-crown-4, 14-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6 are utilized for competitive alkali metal cation extractions from aqueous solutions into chloroform. Variation of the electron-withdrawing properties of X in the series of methyl, phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, and trifluoromethyl allows the influence of the acidity o...

We propose a BB identification by simultaneity matrix (BISM) algorithm. The input is a set of -bit solutions denoted by S. The number of solutions is denoted by n = |S|. The output is a partition of bit positions {0, . . . , − 1}. The BISM is composed of Simultaneity-Matrix-Construction and Fine-Valid-Partition algorithms. Algorithm SMC is outlined as follows (aij denotes the matrix element at ...

This article offers a contribution to the history of scientific ideas by proposing an epistemological argument supporting the assumption made by Miller whereby Niels Bohr has been influenced by cubism (Jean Metzinger) when he developed his non-intuitive complementarity principle. More specifically, this essay will identify the Bergsonian durée as the conceptual bridge between Metzinger and Bohr...

BACKGROUND/AIM Few studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors to crown fractures in preschool children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of crown fracture in the primary dentition over a 1-year follow-up period, identify risk factors, and test the hypothesis that children with previous crown fracture are more prone to experience further cases of crown fracture indep...

An increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as major ice storms, can have severe impacts on southern forests. We investigated the damage inflicted by a severe ice storm that occurred in February 2014 on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) ideotypes in Cross, South Carolina located in the southeastern coastal plain. The ‘‘narrow crown” ideotype allocates more resour...

The final hot strip profile is a superposition of the roll initial crown, the roll bending and flattening crown, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown. In this research, linear regression models are proposed to predict the roll force, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown using experimental data provided by Mobarake Steel Complex (MSC). The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory ba...