A previously described cold-adapted attenuated virus, A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2), was further modified by 30 additional passages in chicken embryos at 25 degrees C. This virus had a distinct temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype, grew well in chicken embryos at 25 degrees C, and failed to recombine with reference ts mutants of fowl plague virus containing ts lesions in five genes coding for no...

The role of gene duplication in generating new genes and novel functions is well recognized and is exemplified by the digestion-related protein lysozyme. In ruminants, duplicated chicken-type lysozymes facilitate the degradation of symbiotic bacteria in the foregut. Chicken-type lysozyme has also been reported to show chitinase-like activity, yet no study has examined the molecular evolution of...

Artificial illumination is an important exogenous factor in the control of many physiological and behavioral processes as well as an important environmental factor in the management of laying hens. Melatonin receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. The hormone melatonin is secreted primarily by the pineal gland, with highest levels occurring during the dark period of a ci...

The influx of Ca2+ ions controls many important processes in excitable cells, including the regulation of the gating of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (the current IK[Ca]). Various IK[Ca] channels contribute to the regulation of the action-potential waveform, the repetitive discharge of spikes, and the secretion of neurotransmitters. It is thought that large-conductance IK[Ca] channels must be cl...

Interferons (IFNs) are essential components of the antiviral defense system of vertebrates. In mammals, functional receptors for type III IFN (lambda interferon [IFN-λ]) are found mainly on epithelial cells, and IFN-λ was demonstrated to play a crucial role in limiting viral infections of mucosal surfaces. To determine whether IFN-λ plays a similar role in birds, we produced recombinant chicken...

cDNA probes for three components of the erythroid membrane skeleton, alpha spectrin, beta spectrin, and ankyrin, were obtained by using monospecific antibodies to screen a lambda gt11 expression vector library containing cDNA prepared from chicken erythroid poly(A)+ RNA. Each cDNA appears to hybridize to one gene type in the chicken genome. Qualitatively distinct RNA species in myogenic and ery...

Since the demonstration of the transmissibility of chicken tumors by agents separable from the malignant cells, the relationship of this group of neoplasms to those of the mammalian type has been a question of first importance. At first it was generally considered that the chicken tumor agents belonged to the virus group of organisms. This conclusion led to some doubt that the chicken tumors re...

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) played key roles in human and animal growth. Both human laron type dwarfism and sex linked dwarf chicken were caused by the mutation of GHR gene. In this study, we identified an endogenously expressed long non-coding natural antisense transcript, GHR-AS, which overlapped with the GHR mRNA (GHR-S) in a tail to tail manner. Spatial and temporal expression analyses in...

Chen, Yi. M. S., Purdue University, August 2014. High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatment of Refrigerated Chicken Eggs for Control of Salmonella Enteritidis on External Surfaces. Major Professor: Kevin M. Keener. The global market for eggs is projected to reach 1.154 trillion by the year 2015. The number one risk to consumers from chicken eggs is contamination with Salmonella Enteritidis ...