Since cyclophosphamide is used by both oral and i.v. routes in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies, we designed a randomized, crossover clinical trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this anticancer agent after either administration route. Plasma levels of cyclophosphamide and its two cytotoxic metabolites, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, were determin...

STUDY DESIGN Randomized Clinical Trial. INTRODUCTION Hand exercises have been recommended as treatment for hand osteoarthritis (OA) but research evidence is sparse. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To investigate effects of daily 16-week home-based hand exercise among persons with hand OA. METHODS Forty-six older adults completed a crossover trial with washout between exercise and sham treatments. Th...

OBJECTIVE To describe the effect of physicians' dress on patient confidence and trust. DESIGN A prospective crossover trial involving physicians dressed in "respectable" versus "retro" attire. SETTING A general medicine ward at a tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS 12 male general physicians and 1680 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient trust and confidence as measured by a questionnaire...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of self-assessment questions on learners' knowledge and format preference in a Web-based course, and investigate associations between learning styles and outcomes. METHOD The authors conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in the continuity clinics of the Mayo-Rochester internal medicine residency program during the 2003-04 academic year. Case-based...

One of the major sources of lost capacity in all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is the undesired transport (usually called crossover) of water and vanadium ions through the ion-exchange membrane. In this work, an experimental assessment of the impact of ion-exchange membrane properties on vanadium ion crossover and capacity decay of VRFBs has been performed. Two types of cationic membran...

Crossing-over is a central feature of meiosis. Meiotic crossover (CO) sites are spatially patterned along chromosomes. CO-designation at one position disfavors subsequent CO-designation(s) nearby, as described by the classical phenomenon of CO interference. If multiple designations occur, COs tend to be evenly spaced. We have previously proposed a mechanical model by which CO patterning could o...

Objective evidence of their efficacy and safety is sparse and contradictory,(Fowler et al., 1965,Johnson et al., 1969, O'Shea 1971, Casner et al., 1971, Johnson et al., 1972) and there is a considerable placebo effect, (Ariel and Saville, 1972). Against this background we designed a double-blind crossover trial using methandienone (Dianabol) in doses of 10 mg/day or 25 mg/day, using only highly...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Enhancing emergency department (ED) patient satisfaction has wide-ranging benefits. We seek to determine how postvisit patient-physician contact by e-mail or telephone affects patients' satisfaction with their emergency physician. METHODS We undertook this crossover study from May 1, 2010, to June 30, 2010, at 2 community EDs. Forty-two physicians either e-mailed or telephoned...

BACKGROUND Ineffective communication of infection control requirements during transitions of care is a potential cause of non-compliance with infection control precautions by healthcare personnel. In this study, interventions to enhance communication during inpatient transfers between wards and radiology were implemented, in the attempt to improve adherence to precautions during transfers. ME...

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The basic single-group interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) design has been shown to be susceptible to the most common threat to validity-history-the possibility that some other event caused the observed effect in the time series. A single-group ITSA with a crossover design (in which the intervention is introduced and withdrawn 1 or more times) should be more r...