We present the design of long preambles as well as pilot symbols for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) that jointly captures the aggregate effects of channel estimation error and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). To the preambles and pilot symbols designed to minimize the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimate, we propose an algorithm based on cross entropy (CE) optim...

In this paper a method that mixes tone reservation (TR) techniques and phase information of the pilot tones to efficiently reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is presented. First, we utilize convex optimization techniques to design dummy symbols to unused or reserved set of subcarrie...

Energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency are the most important issues for future mobile systems. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with coordinated multiple points (CoMP) are wildly approved as a promising solution to meet increasing demands of mobile data traffic and to reduce energy consumptions. However, hyper-dense deployments and complex coordination mechanisms introduce several challenge...

In this article, we explore the concept of minimization of information loss (MIL) as a a target for neural network learning. We relate MIL to supervised and unsupervised learning procedures such as the Bayesian maximum a-posteriori (MAP) discriminator, minimization of distortion measures such as mean squared error (MSE) and cross-entropy (CE), and principal component analysis (PCA). To deal wit...

This paper addresses the observed performance gap between automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks trained with the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss function and systems based on hybrid Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained with the cross entropy (CE) loss function on domains with limited data. We step through a number of ex...

In this article we present a novel way to estimate the amounts of traffic on the OriginDestination couples (OD couples). This new approach combines together a routing algorithm based on the principle of the shortest path and a recent technique of stochastic optimization called Cross-Entropy. The CE method was built at the origin, to tackle problems of rare-event simulation. However, its invento...

Due to some drawbacks of the cross entropy between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNSs) in dealing with decision-making problems, the existing single valued neutrosophic cross entropy indicates an asymmetrical phenomenon or may produce an undefined (unmeaningful) phenomenon in some situations. In order to overcome these disadvantages, this paper proposes an improved cross entropy measure of ...

BACKGROUND Corneocytes of the nail plate, like those of the stratum corneum, generate cornified envelopes (CEs) of cross-linked protein that can be visualized readily after removal of non-cross-linked protein by detergent extraction. Defective CE formation occurs in epidermal scale and hair in transglutaminase 1 (TGM1)-negative lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and has been proposed as a diagnostic aid ...

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We investigate the use of the new Cross Entropy method as a tool for exploratory data analysis. We show how this method can be used to perform linear projections such as principal component analysis, exploratory projection pursuit and canonical correlation analysis. We further go on to show how topology preserving mappings can be created usin the cross entropy method. We also show how the cross...