Many applications developed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand for Reliable communication service, since majority of these applications are event-critical applications. There has been a vast body of knowledge on reliable data transfer in wireless networks; however, many of those solutions are not applicable to WSNs due to the fact that they address the problem by offering per message tr...

Philosophers have developed three theories of luck: the probability theory, the modal theory, and the control theory. To help assess these theories, we conducted an empirical investigation of luck attributions. We created eight putative luck scenarios and framed each in either a positive or a negative light. Furthermore, we placed the critical luck event at the beginning, middle, or end of the ...

Category learning. This process enables variations on the same object or event to learn how to activate the same category, or symbol, that represents this object or event in the brain. Activating such a learned category enables the brain to recognize the object or event through a process that includes read-out of the category's learned top-down expectation, which focuses attention upon the crit...

Precracked and notched specimens were used to investigate the fracture mechanism of a bainite steel at low temperature. The critical fracture event was studied using metallographic sectioning method. The results showed that the critical cleavage event was different in the precracked and the notched specimens. At -196C, all specimens fractured at lower-shelf region without any ductile crack grow...

We considered a stochastic version of the Bak-Sneppen model (SBSM) of ecological evolution where the number M of sites mutated in a mutation event is restricted to only two. Here the mutation zone consists of only one site and this site is randomly selected from the neighboring sites at every mutation event in an annealed fashion. The critical behavior of the SBSM is found to be the same as the...

Apoptosis is a complex network of biochemical and molecular pathway with fine regulatory mechanisms that control the death event during several pathological situations in multi cellular organisms. It is the part of normal development that occurs in a variety of diseases and is known as aberrant apoptosis. Pancreatic β cell apoptosis is also a pathological feature which is common in both type 1 ...