The magnetic field generation by a relativistic laser light irradiated on a thin target at the oblique incidence is investigated using a two dimensional particlein-cell simulation. The surface magnetic field inhibits the electron transport towards the inside plasma, when an incident angle exceeds the critical angle, which depends on the laser and plasma parameters.

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy fluorescence— optical sectioning limiting the excitation volume to the close vicinity of the interface by sending the excitation light at an incident angle higher than the critical angle; usually implemented using a high numerical aperture (NA) objective. high signal-to-background for nearsurface structures monitoring plasma membrane proc...

We study a general asymptotic behavior of critical points of a diffused interface energy with a fixed contact angle condition defined on a domain Ω ⊂ R. We show that the limit varifold derived from the diffused energy satisfies a generalized contact angle condition on the boundary under a set of assumptions.

When an ultrasonic wave is incident on a water/solid interface generally three waves are excited in the solid: one longitudinal and two shear. The complex amplitudes of the transmitted waves depend on the material properties and the angle of incidence. At incident angles higher than the first critical angle an evanescent longitudinal wave is excited near the surface. To satisfy the boundary con...

During the spreading of a liquid over a solid substrate, the contact line can stay pinned at sharp edges until the contact angle exceeds a critical value. At (or sufficiently near) equilibrium, this is known as Gibbs' criterion. Here, we show both experimentally and theoretically that, for completely wetting volatile liquids, there also exists a dynamically-produced contribution to the critical...

The behavior of water droplets on aluminum surfaces with parallel grooves tens of microns in width and depth is considered, and a mechanistic model is developed for predicting the critical droplet size-droplets at incipient sliding due to gravity. The critical droplet size is nearly 50% smaller on micro-grooved surfaces than on the same surface without micro-grooves. The application of existing...

Ocean bottom reflectivity has been studied for a simple layered sedimentary model at shallow depth. Reflections from the bottom were determined from standard geophysical reflection data. The plane wave reflections have been obtained as bottom loss (-20log|R|) from the available reflection seismic data. Bottom loss estimated in the 10-250 Hz band are presented as functions of frequency and of an...

We report a new two-channel fluorescence microscopy technique for surface-generated fluorescence. The realized fluorescence microscope allows high resolution imaging of aqueous samples. The core element of the instrument is a parabolic mirror objective that is used to collect the fluorescence at large surface angles above the critical angle of the waterglass interface. An aspheric lens, incorpo...

A new tool to study surface phenomena by evanescent wave light scattering is employed for an investigation of an aqueous surface through the water phase. When the angle of incidence passes the critical angle of total internal reflection, a high and narrow scattering peak is observed. It is discussed as an enhancement of scattering at critical angle illumination. Peak width and height are affect...

The concept of antipodality relative to a closed convex cone K ⊂ Rd has been explored in detail in a recent work of ours. The antipodality problem consists of finding a pair of unit vectors in K achieving the maximal angle of the cone. Our attention now is focused not just in the maximal angle, but in the angular spectrum of the cone. By definition, the angular spectrum of a cone is the set of ...